Suvarnabhumi Airport ( RTGS: Ã, Suwannaphum , pronounced [sÃÆ'¹?.w? nn?.p ??: m] Ã, ( listen ) ) (IATA: BKK , ICAO: VTBS ), also unofficially known as Bangkok Airport , is one of two international airports serving Bangkok, Thailand. The other is Don Mueang International Airport. Suvarnabhumi covers an area of ​​3,240 hectares (8,000 hectares), making it one of the largest international airports in Southeast Asia and a regional hub for aviation.
Suvarnabhumi was officially opened for domestic limited service on 15 September 2006, and opened for most domestic and international commercial flights on September 28, 2006.
The airport is currently the main hub for Thai Airways International, Thai Smile Airways and Bangkok Airways. It also serves as a regional gateway and connecting point for various foreign operators.
The airport is on what was formerly known as Nong Nguhao (Cobra Swamp) at Racha Thewa in Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, about 25 kilometers (16 miles) east of downtown Bangkok. The terminal building was designed by Helmut Jahn from Murphy/Jahn Architects. It was built mainly by ITO JV. It has the world's tallest free standing control tower (132.2 meters or 434 feet) from 2006 to 2014, and the world's fourth largest single building terminal (563,000 square meters or 6,060,000 square feet).
Suvarnabhumi is the 21st busiest airport in the world, Asia's ninth busiest airport, and the busiest in the country, handles 53 million passengers by 2012, and is also the main air cargo center, with a total of 95 airlines. On social networking, Suvarnabhumi is the most popular site in the world to take Instagram photos in 2012.
The airport inherits the airport code, BKK, from Don Mueang after the older airport terminates international commercial flights. The modern Motorway 7 connects the airports, Bangkok, and the east coast of Thailand's major industries, where most export manufactures take place.
Video Suvarnabhumi Airport
Etimologi
The name Suvarnabhumi is Sanskrit for "Golden Land" (Devanagari: ??????????, IAST : Suvar? Abh? Mi ; Suvar? a is "Gold", Bh? mi is "Land", literally "Golden Land"). This name was chosen by the late King Bhumibol Adulyadej whose name is Bh? Mi is part of the king's profile and as it is named after its name and refers to the golden Hindu-Buddhist kingdom, the theorem has been located east of the Ganges River, possibly somewhere in Southeast Asia. In Thailand, the government proclamation and the national museum insist that Suvarnabhumi is somewhere on the coast of the central plains, near the ancient city of U Thong, which may be the origin of the persecuted Dvaravati culture. Although the claim is not proved by historical records, the Thai government named the new Bangkok Airport Suvarnabhumi Airport, in celebration of this tradition.
Maps Suvarnabhumi Airport
History
Land acquisition, initial construction
The need for a new airport was recognized in 1973 when 8,000 hectares of land was purchased 40 kilometers east of Bangkok. The site, known as Cobra Swamp, was dried and named Suvarnabhumi, which means "golden world". On October 14, 1973, student-led demonstrations led to the overthrow of Prime Minister Thanom Kittikachorn's military government and the project was suspended.
After a series of ups and downs, the "New Bangkok International Airport" company (NBIA) was formed in 1996. Due to political and economic instability, especially the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the construction did not begin until six years later in January 2002. by Thaksin Shinawatra's government.
Initial construction, airport tests, and official opening
The airport will open in late 2005, but a series of budget swings, construction defects, and alleged corruption hit the project.
Further delays were caused by the discovery that the airport had been built on old graves. The superstitious construction worker claimed to have seen the ghost there. On September 23, 2005, Thai airport authorities held a ceremony in which 99 Buddhist monks shouted to soothe spirits.
The full airport test took place on 3 and 29 July 2006. Six airlines - Thai Airways International, Nok Air, Thai Air Asia, Bangkok Airways, PBair, and One-Two-GO - used the airport as a base for twenty domestic flights. The first international test flight was conducted on September 1, 2006. Two Thai Airways aircraft, Boeing 747-400 and Airbus A300-600, simultaneously left the airport at 9:19 pm to Singapore and Hong Kong. At 15:50, the same plane flew back and made simultaneous landings on the 19L and 19R platforms. This test flight shows the readiness of airports to handle traffic.
On September 15, 2006, the airport started a limited daily operation with Jetstar Asia Airways operating three Singapore flights to Bangkok. Bangkok Airways moved to the airport on 21 September. AirAsia and Thai AirAsia were followed on 25 September and on 26 September Nok Air moved to Suvarnabhumi Airport. During this initial phase, as well as in previous tests, the airport uses the IATA code while NBK .
Suvarnabhumi officially opened at 03:00 on September 28, 2006, taking over all flights from Don Mueang. The first flight arrives is Lufthansa Cargo LH8442 from Mumbai at 03:05. The first commercial arrival was Japan Airlines at 3:30 pm. The first passenger arrivals were Aerosvit VV171 flights from Kiev at 4:30 am, and the first cargo departure was Saudi Arabian Airlines SV-984 to Riyadh at 05:00. Aerosvit also has the first passenger departure (VV172 to Kiev) around 05:30.
Initial difficulty
Difficulty reported in first few days of airport operation. On the first day alone, slow luggage handling is a common thing - Aerosvit's first passenger arrivals take an hour for the luggage to start out, and some flights do not have their luggage even after four hours. Flights were delayed (Thai Airways claimed that 17 of the 19 flights were delayed that day), and there was a failure with the check-in system. The next problem includes the failure of the cargo computer system, and the departure board displays the wrong information, causing the passengers to be confused (especially since unlike Don Mueang, no "last call" is issued).
Months after its opening, congestion issues, construction quality, signs, facilities provision, and land subsidence continue to disrupt the project, prompting calls to reopen Don Mueang to enable repairs to take place. Expert opinions vary widely on the Suvarnabhumi issue and its root causes. Most airlines state that airport damage is minimal. Prime Minister Surayud Chulanont reopened Don Mueang for a voluntary domestic flight on February 16, 2007, with 71 weekly flights moving back initially, but no international flights.
Capacity and security issues
Tarmac issue
In January 2007, ruts were found on the runway in Suvarnabhumi. The east runway is scheduled to close for repairs. Expert opinions vary as the cause of thunder. Airport authorities and airline representatives stated that the airport was still safe and rejected suggestions that the airport should be fully closed and all flights returned to Don Mueang.
On January 27, 2007, the Department of Civil Aviation declined to renew the airport security certificate, which had expired on the previous day. ICAO requires an international airport to hold an aerodrome safety certificate, but Suvarnabhumi continues to operate because ICAO requirements have not been adopted as part of Thai law.
In early 2016, the tarmac problem persisted in Suvarnabhumi. Smooth spots on asphalt roads, taxiways, and aprons have not been fixed permanently. Aircraft are increasingly jammed on soft surfaces that are the result of sub-standard materials. "Constant coating of asphalt roads, taxiways and aprons with asphalt is an unacceptable patchwork solution We really need a" concrete "solution," said Tony Tyler, director and general director of IATA.
Plan to reopen Don Mueang for domestic flights
In January 2007, Thai Airways announced plans to move some of its domestic operations back to Don Mueang International Airport due to overcrowding. Three days later, the Ministry of Transport recommends temporarily reopening Don Mueang while repair work on the runway in Suvarnabhumi continues. At that time, Thai Airways said it would shift most of its domestic flights back to Don Mueang while maintaining flights with high international passenger connections such as Chiang Mai and Phuket in Suvarnabhumi. On March 28, 2009, Thai Airways stopped all domestic flights from Don Mueang. Bangkok Airways and One-Two-GO have similar plans, but Bangkok Airways remains in Suvarnabhumi. Thai AirAsia says it will not move unless it can shift its international and domestic operations, prompting them to stay in Suvarnabhumi for a while. Nok Air and PBair have not been decided yet, but Nok Air then moves all flights to Don Mueang, where they operate today. Starting January 2010, only Nok Air and One-Two-GO operate domestic flights from Don Mueang Airport. PBair has ceased operations altogether. One-Two-GO was integrated into Orient Thai Airlines in July 2010, but continues to operate from Don Mueang Airport. Starting October 1, 2012 Air Asia has moved all Bangkok operations to Don Mueang International Airport (DMK) from Suvarnabhumi Airport (BKK).
Fix and upgrade
The Thai airport found that the cost of fixing 60 identified problems at the airport would be less than one percent of the total flight cost and the problem could be fixed within four to five years. Dr Narupol Chaiyut, a member of the committee that oversees service issues at the new airport, estimates that 70 percent of the problems will be fixed in 2007. Twenty of the 60 issues were fixed in February 2007.
Features
The main terminal roof of Suvarnabumi Airport is designed with structural elements and the bay is placed in cantilevered form, like a wave to appear "floating" on the ground beneath it. This whole design principle is to express the essential essence of the site, from which water should be drained before construction can begin. The eight 2,710 ton composite sticks supporting the main terminal canopy are essentially the bending moment diagrams working on them, with the greatest depth in the mid range and above the support.
The result of Helmut Jahn's vision is a structure with performance material serving in their total composition and used more than in their conventional roles. It maximizes daytime use with comfort with great energy lifecycle cost savings. The installed cooling system is reduced by up to 50 percent compared to conventional systems. A translucent membrane with three layers was developed to mediate between the interior and exterior climate, dealing with the transmission of noise and temperature, while still allowing natural daylight flow into the building.
Events
On January 25, 2007, due to work on improving small cracked taxiways, several incoming flights were delayed and several flights were safely diverted to U-Tapao International Airport in Rayong Province.
On 26 November 2008, the illegal airport occupation was carried out by the People's Alliance for Democracy, closing the departure rooms and blocking the exit and leaving nearly 3,000 passengers stranded at the main terminal and another 350,000 stranded domestically, as all flights were paralyzed. The People's Alliance for Democracy seized control towers at 12:00. On December 2, 2008, protesters agreed to leave the airport because they had illegally protested and allowed the resumption of flights. Security checks, cleaning and re-certification after the illegal occupation ended delaying the airport from fully functioning until December 5, 2008.
Predatory irregularities
Small thieves and belief men, the majority of them illegal taxi drivers or tour guides, are known to prey on tourists in the arrival hall. They include politically connected criminal groups: Kamnan Samruay, Boonruang Srisang, Sak Pakphanang, Pattaya Mafia, and Phuyai Daeng. Evicting them has proved difficult because they are allegedly well connected. (The head of the Pirap gang is allegedly linked to Thai Airport executives, while Phuyai Daeng has relationships with influential civil servants in Samut Prakan).
On October 1, 2010, two hundred armed men occupied the airport parking area for an hour, blocked the entrance of the building and confiscated the ticket counter to collect rates from motorists. Airport security personnel failed to respond, reportedly due to internal disputes within the parking management company, the company was contracted to run a parking facility.
Specifications
At a cost of about 155 billion baht (US $ 5 billion), the airport has two parallel runways (60m width, 4,000m length and 3,700m) and two parallel taxiways to accommodate simultaneous departures and arrivals. It has a total of 120 parking lots (51 with contact gates and 69 remote gates), with five of them able to accommodate the Airbus A380. The main passenger terminal building, with a capacity of handling 76 flight operations per hour, puts together international and domestic terminals, although assigning them to different parts of the concourse. In the early stages of construction, it is capable of handling 45 million passengers and three million tons of cargo per year. Above the subway station and in front of the passenger terminal building is a 600 room hotel operated by the Accor Group under the Novotel brand.
The airport passenger terminal is the largest passenger terminal in the world ever built in one phase at 563,000 square meters (6,060,000 sqÃ, ft), and is currently the fourth largest passenger terminal building in the world after Hong Kong International Airport (570,000 square meters or 6,100,000 square feet), Beijing Capital International Airport (990,000 square meters or 10,700,000 square feet), with the largest passenger terminal at Dubai International Airport (Terminal 3 is more than 1,713,000 square meters or 18,440,000 square feet). The airport air traffic control tower is the highest in the world at 135 meters (443 ft) from 2006 to 2014.
Suvarnabhumi Airport has 72 jet bridges and 69 non-jet bridges. In addition, flights can park in remote locations on the road, from where the airport bus transports passengers to and from the terminal. Suvarnabhumi Airport has 18 jet bridges and 6 non-jet bridges for Airbus 380-800
From the opening of Suvarnabhumi in 2006 to early 2017, eight people have fallen to their deaths from the upstairs walkways, pushing the airport to spend 33 million baht by 2013 building a barrier glass to stop people falling or taking their lives.
Expansion
On December 15, 2011, Thailand Airport (AOT) announced the acceleration of the second phase expansion of Suvarnabhumi Airport until 2016, one year ahead of schedule scheduled for 2017.
Investment of 62.5 billion baht (US $ 1.95 billion/EUR1, 49 billion) is planned for the second phase, according to Minister of Transportation Sukampol Suwannathat. The plan is to strengthen the position of Suvarnabhumi Airport as a regional flight hub. Phase Two will increase the capacity of the airport to 65 million passengers per year and will be carried out in parallel with the construction of a new domestic terminal.
Former ACM Transport Minister Sukampol Suwannathat gave the green light to the Thai Airport (AoT) plan to carry out the expansion of Suvarnabhumi airport with the construction of a new domestic terminal. The new domestic terminal will be able to handle 20 million passengers per year. Estimated cost is 9.2 billion baht (US $ 2.96 billion/EUR2.04 billion).
By mid 2015, the airport handles more than 800 flights per day, higher than the capacity of 600 flights. It has exceeded the capacity of 45 million passengers per year.
The two expansion projects are part of an overall airport expansion that will see Suvarnabhumi increase its annual passenger handling capacity to 125 million passengers, 90 million international passengers and 35 million domestic passengers by 2024 with an estimated cost of 163 billion baht (US $ 5.25 billion/EUR3.62 billion) Expansion includes the construction of an additional platform, the next domestic and international terminal expansion, and an increase in parking lots, car parks and other airport infrastructure.
An expansion plan to increase airport passenger capacity to 65 million by building an additional satellite passenger terminal connected to the current main terminal via an automated underground person-driver system (APM) is set to be selected by the AOT board for the 17 May 2012 Meetings. If the plan gets support from the board, he will be able to proceed to appoint a project management consultant (PMC) that will take him a step closer to starting construction on a much-needed expansion. If all goes to plan the expansion is set to be completed by 2018. The expansion also includes plans to expand the airport parking garage as well as the expansion of the east end of the main passenger terminal by 135 meters along with the construction of a new aviation office building. The expansion includes plans to build a third runway of 3,700 meters. According to the Bangkok Post, the new satellite terminal will have a total of 28 gates, with eight for Super jumbo Super Airbus A380 jets.
The new passenger terminal will only be used by Bangkok Airways and Thai Airways (and its budget subsidiary, Thai Smile). After completing the satellite terminal, the expected opening in early 2019, other Star Alliance members will be awarded a concourse check-in from Thai Airways.
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
Cargo
Traffic and statistics
Busiest international route
Busiest domestic route
Traffic by calendar year
Suvarnabhumi contributed the largest share of air traffic at Thailand airport by 2015, handling 52.9 million passengers, up nearly 14 percent from a year earlier despite its passenger capacity of only 45 million per year. International passengers passing Suvarnabhumi grew 15.9 percent to 44.2 million, while domestic volume edged up 4.87 percent to 8.68 million. The movement of the aircraft showed a 9.50 percent increase to 317,066, consisting of 247,584 international (up 11 percent) and 69,482 domestic (up 4.41 percent).
Ground Transport
Airport Rail Link
30 billion baht Suvarnabhumi Airport Link opened on August 23, 2010, after several delays. The Airport Rail Link (ARL) is operated by SRTET, a subsidiary of the State Railway of Thailand. The standard gauge line is 28.6 kilometers long and elevated for most of its length, running mostly above the existing regional rail line and parallel to Motorway 7 and Si Rat Expressway. There is a short segment in the classroom/underground when the line approaches Suvarnabhumi Airport passenger terminal building.
The ARL service hours are from 06:00 to 24:00. ARL has two interchange stations, namely Phaya Thai (changed for BTS Green Line service) and Makkasan (connecting Phetchaburi station from MRT Blue Line). In the future, ARL will complement the SRT Red Line commuter service, which consists of a two meter gauge, dual track track. ARL can also be extended from Phaya Thai to Don Mueang via Bang Sue, given that Don Mueang International Airport has now been reopened for civil aviation under the double airport policy.
Regional trains
Meanwhile, SRT provides suburban commuter train services between Lad Krabang (the nearest station to Suvarnabhumi on the East line, one station from the airport with Airport Rail Link) and the northern suburb of Rangsit through downtown Bangkok and the old Don Mueang Airport. The train also connects with BTS and MRT at Phaya Thai and Phetchaburi stations respectively. The shuttle bus service that connects the airport with Hua Takhe train station is provided by BMTA. The current rail service is not as popular as the bus service as it requires a shuttle bus connection. The service will be discontinued when Airport Express Link is completed.
Bus
The free bus service connecting Suvarnabhumi Airport and Don Mueang Airport operates from 05:00 to midnight. Three air-conditioned city bus routes operated by the Bangkok Mass Transit Authority (BMTA) serve dedicated airport bus terminals. There is also a direct bus between the airports operated by the Airport Shuttle Bus.
Car
The airport has five main access routes. Among the most convenient routes is via Bangkok Chon Buri Motorway (Motorway 7). Another main airport entrance is in Samut Prakan province via the Bang Na highway to Bang Pakong.
The airport has provided five entry routes. The main route is via a highway north of Bangkok, directly linking downtown Bangkok and Chonburi Province, the industrial city and port in eastern Thailand. However, the other main airport entrance is in Samut Prakan Province, connecting the elevated elevated highway south of Bangkok from Bang Na to Bang Pakong.
Sky Lane
In December 2015, Thailand Airport introduced Sky Lane (Thai: ??????? ), cycling tracks around Suvarnabhumi airport perimeter. Cyclists can bring bicycles and bikes here for free. The entrance to Sky Lane is located at the northeast corner of the airport area. The Sky Lane is a one-way, one-way, one-way access route built for cycling, motorists can ensure that they will not be distracted by any vehicle. The length of Sky Lane is 23.5 km, making it the longest in Asia. Sky Lane facilities specially designed for cyclists including medical, shop, food & amp; drinks, tracks, parking lots, rest areas. The entrance gate is open from 06:00 to 18:00.
References
External links
Media related to Suvarnabhumi International Airport on Wikimedia Commons
Suvarnabhumi Airport travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Suvarnabhumi Airport, Official Site
- Free Zone by Suvarnabhumi Airport Website
- Airports from Thailand Public Company Limited and Suvarnabhumi Airport page
- Suvarnabhumi Airport Airport Information from Airport Technology
- Current weather for VTBS in NOAA/NWS
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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