Sodium Chlorite (NaClO 2 ) is a chemical compound used in paper making and as a disinfectant.
Video Sodium chlorite
Use
The main application of sodium chlorite is the formation of chlorine dioxide to whiten and strip textiles, pulp, and paper. It is also used for disinfection of urban water treatment plants after conversion into chlorine dioxide. The advantage in this application, compared to the more commonly used chlorine, is that trihalomethanes (such as chloroform) are not produced from organic contaminants. Chlorine dioxide produced from sodium chlorite is approved by the FDA under several conditions for disinfection of water used to wash fruits, vegetables, and poultry.
Sodium chlorite, NaClO 2 , sometimes in combination with zinc chloride, also found application as a component in rinse therapy, mouthwash, toothpaste and gel, mouth spray, as preservative in eye drops, and in cleaning contact lens solution with Purite trade name.
Under the Oxine brand name is used for airway sanitation and HVAC/R systems and animal containment areas (walls, floors, and other surfaces).
Chemical reagents
In organic synthesis, sodium chlorite is often used as a reagent in Pinnick oxidation for the oxidation of Aldehydes to Carboxylic acids. The reaction is usually carried out in a monosodium phosphate buffer solution in the presence of a chlorine scavenger (usually 2-methyl-2-butene).
In 2005, sodium chlorite was used as an oxidizing agent to convert alkyl furan to 4-oxo-2-alkenoic acid accordingly in simple pot synthesis.
Acidated sodium chlorite
Mixing the sodium chlorite solution with a weak food grade acid solution (generally citric acid), both stable, yields short-lived, short-acetcum chlorite (ASC) properties that have strong decontamination properties. After mixing the main active ingredient, hydrochloric acid is produced in equilibrium with chlorite anion. The proportions vary with pH, ​​temperature, and other factors, ranging from about 5-35% hydrochloric acid to 65-95% chlorite; a more acidic solution yields a higher proportion of chloric acid. Chlorine acid decomposes into chlorine dioxide which in turn breaks down into chlorite anion and finally anion chloride. ASC is used for hard surface sanitation in contact with food and as a wash or rinse for various foods including red meat, poultry, seafood, fruits and vegetables. Since the oxo-chlorine compound is unstable when prepared properly, there should be no measurable residuals in the food if treated appropriately. ASC is also used as a dot put to control mastitis in dairy cattle.
Army
The US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center produced a portable "unneeded power" method to produce chlorine dioxide, known as ClO 2 , gas, described as one of the best available biocides to combat contaminants, ranging from benign microbes and food pathogens to Category A Bioteror agents. In the weeks following the 9/11 attacks when anthrax was delivered in letters to public officials, the team of hazardous materials used ClO 2 to decontaminates the Hart Senate Office Building, and the Brentwood Postal Facility.
Maps Sodium chlorite
Security
Sodium chlorite, like many oxidizers, must be protected from unintentional contamination by organic materials to avoid the formation of explosive mixtures. These chemicals are stable in pure form and do not explode on a percussive impact, unless organic contaminants are present, as in oily conspicuous oily hammers on the runway. It is also easily combustible by friction when combined with reducing agents such as powdered sugar, red sulfur or phosphorus.
Toxicity
Sodium chlorite is a powerful oxidant and therefore can be expected to cause clinical symptoms similar to the famous sodium chlorate: methemoglobinemia, haemolysis, renal failure. A dose of 10-15 grams of sodium chlorate can be deadly. Methemoglobemia has been shown in mice and cats, and recent studies by EMEA have confirmed that clinical symptoms are very similar to those caused by sodium chlorate in mice, rats, rabbits, and green monkeys.
There is only one human case in the medical literature of chlorite poisoning. It seems to confirm that the toxicity is the same as sodium chlorate. From the analogy to sodium chlorate, even a small amount of about 1 gram can be expected to cause nausea, vomiting and even life-threatening haemolysis in people with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency.
The EPA has established a maximum contaminant level of 1 milligram of chlorite per liter (1 mg/L) in drinking water.
Sellers of "Miracle Mineral Solutions", a mixture of sodium chlorite and citric acid also known as "MMS" promoted as a drug-have all been convicted, fined, or disciplined in jurisdictions around the world. The various MMS products are referred to as snake oil and complete quackery.
Producing
Free acids, hydrochloric acid, HClO 2 , are only stable at low concentrations. Since it can not be concentrated, it is not a commercial product. However, suitable sodium salts, sodium chlorite, NaClO 2 are stable and cheap enough to be sold commercially. Suitable salt of heavy metals (Ag , Hg , Tl , Pb 2 , and also Cu 2 and NH 4 ) decomposes explosively with heat or shock.
Sodium chlorite derives indirectly from sodium chlorate, NaClO 3 . First, explosively ( only at a concentration greater than 10% in the atmosphere) chlorine dioxide, ClO 2 is produced by reducing sodium chlorate in a strongly acidic solution with an appropriate reducing agent. (eg, sodium sulfite, sulfur dioxide, or hydrochloric acid). Chlorine dioxide is then absorbed into the alkaline solution and subtracted by hydrogen peroxide ( H
2 O
2 ), produces sodium chlorite.
General reference
- "Chemical Elements", N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, Pergamon Press, 1984.
- "Kirk-Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemistry", Martin Grayson, Editor, John Wiley & amp; Sons, Inc., 1985
References
External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 1045
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments