Medical school

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A medical school is a higher education institution - or part of such an institution - that teaches medicine, and provides professional degrees for doctors and surgeons. The medical degree includes Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS), Doctor of Medicine (MD), or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO). Many medical schools offer additional degrees, such as Doctor of Philosophy, Master's degree, doctor's assistant program, or other post-secondary education.

Medical schools may also conduct medical research and operate an educational hospital. Around the world, the criteria, structure, teaching methodology, and nature of medical programs offered in medical schools vary widely. Medical schools are often very competitive, using standard entrance exams, as well as average grades and leadership roles, to narrow the candidate selection criteria. In most countries, medical studies completed as undergraduate degrees require no undergraduate course prerequisites. However, more and more places are emerging for graduate graduates who have completed a bachelor's degree including some required courses. In the United States and Canada, almost all medical degrees are the second admission degree, and require several years of previous studies at the university level.

Medical degree is awarded to medical students after completing their degree program, which usually lasts for five years or more for undergraduate model and four years for postgraduate model. Many modern medical schools integrate clinical education with basic science from the beginning of the curriculum (for example). The traditional curriculum is usually divided into preclinical and clinical blocks. In preclinical science, students study subjects such as biochemistry, genetics, pharmacology, pathology, anatomy, physiology and medical microbiology, among others. Subsequent clinical rotation usually includes internal medicine, general surgery, pediatrics, psychiatry, and obstetrics and gynecology, among others.

Although medical schools provide medical undergraduate degrees, doctors usually should not legally practice drugs until they are licensed by local government authorities. Licensing may also require passing a test, undergoing a criminal background check, checking references, paying fees, and undergoing several years of graduate training. Medical schools are regulated by individual countries and appear in the World Directory of Medical Schools formed by the incorporation of AVICENNA Directory for medicine and FAIMER International Medical Education Directory.

Video Medical school

Afrika

In 2005 there were more than 100 medical schools throughout Africa, most of which had been established after 1970.

Ghana

There are seven medical schools in Ghana: the Faculty of Medicine University of Ghana in Accra, the KNAIN School of Medicine in Kumasi, the University for the Study of Development of Medical School at Tamale, the University of Cape Coast Medical School and the University of Allied Health Sciences at Ho, Volta Region, the leading private medical school in Ghana - Accra Medical College, and other Family Health School Health Schools of private medicine.

Basic medical education lasts for 6 years in all medical schools. Admission to medical school is very competitive and is usually based on successful completion of the High School Examination. The University of Ghana Medical School has introduced a medical graduate program to receive students with science-related degrees into a 4-year medical school program.

Students graduating from medical school get the MBChB and "Dr" degrees. For the first 3 years Students are awarded a BSc in medical science for the medical school of the University of Ghana; and human biology for medical school KNUST and UDS. The University of Ghana Medical School and KNUST School of Medical Sciences in Kumasi use the traditional medical education model while the University for Development Studies School of Medicine uses a problem-based learning model .

Medical graduates are then temporarily registered with the Medical and Dental Council (MDC) of Ghana as House Officers (Interns). After completing the duties as a 2-year-old housewife, the medical doctor is permanently enrolled in the MDC and can train as a medical officer (GP) anywhere in the country. Housemanship training is conducted only in hospitals that are accredited for that purpose by the Medical and Dental Council of Ghana

After a permanent registration with a medical and dental board, the doctor may specialize in one of the areas covered by one of the Western African Doctors and Surgeons colleges or the Ghana Doctor and Surgeon College.

Medical personnel are also sometimes employed by Ghana Health Services to work in Districts/Rural Areas as Primary Care Doctors.

Kenya

In Kenya, medical school is a university faculty. Medical education lasts for 5 years after which the students graduate with a bachelor's degree (MBChB). This is followed by a 12 month full-time apprenticeship in approved hospitals after which apply to enrollment with a Kenyan Medical Practitioner and Dentist Council if they intend to practice medicine in the country. The first two years of medical school include basic medical science (preclinical) while the last four years are focused on clinical sciences and apprenticeship.

No medical school admission checks or interviews and admissions are based on student performance in secondary school exams (Kenyan Secondary Education Certificate - KCSE). Students taking US or SAT Levels may also apply but there is a very strict quota that limits the number of students admitted to public universities. This quota does not apply to private universities.

There are four established medical schools:

• University of Nairobi (oldest, founded 1967)
• Moi University in Eldoret (founded in the 1980s with great support from the Indiana University Medical School - USA, and with whom there are significant ties)
• Kenyatta University in Kahawa (established 2004)
• Egerton University at Nakuru (founded 2007)
• Jomo Kanyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
• Maseno University

Both the University of Nairobi and Moi run a 3-year post-graduate medical training program and lead to the Master of Medicine, MMed award, in their respective specialties.

There has been progress made by the Aga Khan University in Karachi, Pakistan and the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) in Nairobi towards the establishment of the University of Health Sciences in Kenya with related medical schools. AKUH in Nairobi, already offers MMed postgraduate program. It goes more than 4 years.

The completion of formal specialization training in Kenya is followed by two years of supervised clinical work before a person can apply for recognition as a specialist, in their respective fields, by the medical council.

Nigeria

There are several medical schools in Nigeria. Entrance to these schools is very competitive. Candidates graduating from high school must achieve high marks on the West Africa Certificate Examination Exams (WAEC) Senior Certificate (SSCE/GCE) and high score in four subjects (Physics, English, Chemistry and Biology) at Matriculation Examination University (UME ). Students undergo rigorous training for 6 years and culminate with a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS/MBChB). The undergraduate program is six years and one year of work experience in a government hospital. After medical school, graduates are mandated to spend one year of house work (internship) and one year of community service before they are eligible for a full license from the Medical and Dentistry Council.

South Africa

See also: List of medical schools in South Africa; Health care in South Africa; Category: Teaching hospital in South Africa

Related: South African # Drop #

There are eight medical schools in South Africa, each under the auspices of the state university. Since this country is a former British colony, most institutions follow British-based undergraduate teaching methods, which directly recognize students from high school into a 6 or five year program. Several universities such as the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg and the University of Cape Town have begun to offer medical postgraduate degrees that go hand in hand with their degree programs. In this case, a student who has completed a bachelor's degree in accordance with the basic sciences can enter into a four-year graduate program.

South African medical school gives MBChB degrees, except for the University of Witwatersrand, which adorns MBBCh. Some universities allow students to earn degrees interspersed, completing BSc (Medicine) with additional years of study after the second or third year of MBChB. The University of Cape Town, in particular, has pioneered recent efforts to improve the level of medical research training and exposure to medical students through the Intercalated Honors Program, with an option to extend this to a PhD.

Upon successful completion of his studies, all South African medical graduates must complete a two-year internship as well as a further year of community service to enroll in the Board of Health Professions and practice as a doctor in the country.

Specialization is usually a five to seven year training process (depending on the specialization) requiring registration as a medical registrar attached to the academic clinical department at a large teaching hospital with proper examination. Specialist qualifications may be awarded as Fellowship by independent Colleges of Medicine of South Africa (CMSA), following the English tradition, or as a university Magisterial degree (usually M Med, Master of Medicine, degree). School of Medicine and CMSA also offer Higher Diplomas in various fields. The research title is M.Med and Ph.D. or M.D., depending on the university.

Medical students from around the world come to South Africa to gain hands-on experience in many of the country's rural education and clinic hospitals. The language of instruction is English but some of the original languages ​​are briefly studied. The University of the Free State has a parallel middle policy, which means all English classes are also presented in Afrikaans, therefore students who choose to study at Afrikaans, do so separately from English classes.

Sudan

In Sudan, medical school is a university faculty. Medical school is usually 6 years old, and by the end of 6 years students get a degree in Medicine and Surgery. After graduation, there is a one-year compulsory full-time internship at one of the universities or the Government Teaching hospital, then a license is issued.

During the first three years the curriculum is complete, and for the next three years it is repeated with practical training. High-value students are admitted free of charge at Government University. Students who score lower than required need to pay and must also earn a high score. Students taking foreign exams in addition to the Sudan High School Exam are also accepted at the University, students taking IGCSE/SAT and other Arab countries. All medical students wishing to enroll in an internship program must undergo registration under the Sudan Medical Council.

Tunisia

In Tunisia, free education for all Tunisian citizens and for foreigners who have a scholarship. The oldest medical school is the Faculty of Medicine of Tunis. There are four medical faculties located in the major cities of Tunis, Sfax, Sousse, and Monastir. Registration is tied to success and score in Tunisian talentaalation test. The acceptance threshold is very high, based on competition among all applicants across the nation. The medical school curriculum consists of seven years; five years as an 'extern' and two years of internship or 'intern trainees':

• Two years is a medical theory, which contains all the basic science related to medicine. The curriculum focuses more on theory than on practical learning.
• Three years in which students receive both theoretical and practical training with total immersion in the hospital environment, it consists of clinical problems associated with all medical specialties. During these three years, students have to attend university hospitals every day, revolving around all the wards. Each period is followed by a clinical exam on students' knowledge in a particular specialty.
• Two years on internship, where the student is a doctor but under the supervision of the doctor's head; students rotate on top of the main and most important specialties over a period of four months each. After that, the student has the option of either passing a national residence exam or extending his apprenticeship for another year, after which he gets the status of a family doctor. The residency program consists of four to five years in a specialized field that he/she owns, depending on his score in the national examinations under the government with the highest selected score first. Whether a student chooses to be a family doctor or a specialist, he or she should make a doctoral thesis, which he will defend before a jury, after which he or she earns a Doctor of Medicine (MD).

In contrast, research in dentistry (general practitioners) and pharmaceutical studies only lasted for 6 years. Courses throughout the university curriculum both in medicine and pharmacy are taught in French.

There are four general medical universities: the Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, the Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar of Sousse, the Monastir Medical School and the Sfax Medical School.

On the other hand, there is only one university of dentistry and pharmacy in Monastir: the faculty of Monastir dentistry and the pharmacy faculty of Monastir.

Uganda

As of April 2017, there are nine accredited medical schools in Uganda. The training that leads to the award of a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) lasts five years, if there is no re-take. After graduation, a year internship at a hospital devoted to that purpose, under the supervision of a specialist in the discipline is required before unlimited licenses for medical practice and surgery are provided by the Dentist Council and Dental Practitioners of Uganda (UMDPC).

There is a Postgraduate training like the Master of Medicine (MMed) degree which is a three-year program, available at the Faculty of Medicine of Makerere University in several disciplines. Faculty of Public Health Makerere University, offers a Master of Public Health (MPH) after twenty two (22) months study period, which includes fieldwork.

Zimbabwe

In Zimbabwe there are three medical schools that offer a Medical degree. For undergrads, this is Zimbabwe University - College of Health Sciences {MBChB}, National University of Science and Technology (NUST) School of Medicine {MBBS} and Midlands State University (MSU) {MBChB}. Only UZ offers postgraduate degrees in the faculty of Medicine.

Training lasts 5 1/2 years. The curriculum is as follows:

• Part 1 (1 year) - Biochemistry, Communication Skills for Academic Purposes, Anatomy, Physiology, and Behavioral Science. Professional exams are written in the first two and failure to obtain permits in biochemistry ensures first year repetition.
• Part 2 (1 year) - Communication Skills for Professional Needs, Anatomy, Physiology, Behavioral Science. Professional exams are written at the end of the second year and failure to get a stamp of signs in one of the last three courses on the list ensures this year's repetition. Communication skills can be done up to next year, but students must pass the course before graduation.
Section 3 (1.5 years) - Pathology (Histopathology), Medical Microbiology, Chemical Pathology, Hematology, Forensic Pathology, Immunology, and Toxicology. Professional exams are written at the end of the third year and students must graduate to continue. There is also a rotation of surgery and drugs throughout the year. Also, students cover most of the basic Pharmacology during the third stage of degree.
• Part 4 (1 year) - Community Medicine, Psychiatry, and Clinical Pharmacology
• Section 5 (1 year) - Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics

The internship is 2 years duration, with the first year spent in medicine and surgery and the second year of pediatrics, anesthesia/psychiatry and obstetrics and gynecology. After that someone can apply for a MMED at a university that lasts 4-5 years depending on the specialization. Currently no subspecialty education is available.

Maps Medical school

America

Argentina

The medical degree program in Argentina is typically six years old, with some universities choosing a 7-year program. Each of the 3000 medical students who graduate each year in Argentina is required before graduation to dedicate at least 8 months to unpaid community services; although in some provinces (especially in the more developed south) there are government-financed hospitals that pay for this work. Some universities have cultural exchange programs that enable medical students in their final year to serve their community time abroad.

After graduation, one of the following degrees is obtained, according to the university: Doctor of Medicine, or Doctor of Medicine and Surgeon. State universities usually give degrees, and private universities only provide Doctor of Medicine. However, in everyday practice, there is no substantial difference between what a Doctor of Medicine or Doctor of Medicine and Doctors can do. When a degree is obtained, a note is made to the new doctor in the index of the Ministry of National Education (Ministerio Nacional de EducaciÃÆ'³n) and the doctor is given the appropriate medical practitioner ID, which is the number that identifies him/herself and academically. achievement. In addition, there is a provincial ID, i. e. number to identify doctors in the province where they practice medicine.

Physicians wishing to pursue specialization must take admission tests at the public/private institutions of their choice who offer them. It is easier for students in private medical schools to get a place to stay in Private Hospital, especially when the university has its own hospital, because the university holds a special position for its graduates. The special course lasts about two to five years, depending on which medical branch the doctor chooses. There is no legal limit to a number of specializations that a doctor can learn, although most doctors choose to do one and then they specialize for further job opportunities and less competition overall, along with higher wages.

In Argentina there are public and private medical schools, but the prestige of public institutions is undeniable and private institutions usually do not appear in international rankings. A person who is able to attend private universities, quite expensive for the average Argentinean, will choose that option over public education because of smaller student groups in each class and for lack of firmness in course evaluation. By law entry to public institutions is open and free of charge to all who have a high school diploma, and universities are strictly prohibited to restrict access by difficult entrance exams. In this case, by 2016 La Universidad Nacional de la Plata is required by the competent authorities to stop forcing its students to write entrance exams. As a result, the university experienced a large increase in student population size. When it comes to quality education, la Universidad de Buenos Aires, a public university, is widely recognized as the top medical school in the country.

Bolivia

In Bolivia, all medical schools are faculty within the university and offer the equivalent of five years of MDD. To obtain a license to train medical science from the government, all students must also complete 1 year and 3 months internship. It consists of 3 months of every operation, internal disease, gynecology, pediatrics, and public health. At least one of the internships must be done in rural areas of the country. After obtaining a degree and license, the doctor may take a postgraduate residency to obtain a specialization.

Brazil

The Brazilian medical school follows the European model of the six-year curriculum, divided into three cycles of two years each. The first two years are called the base cycle ( ciclo bÃÆ'¡sico ). During this time, students are instructed in basic science (anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, immunology, etc.) with integrated activities with medical specializations, which enable students to get an overview of the practical application of the content. Once completed, students progress to the clinical cycle ( ciclo clinico ). At this stage contact with the patient increases and works with tests and diagnoses, practicing what has been learned in the first two years. The latter two are called the intern cycles (ciclo do internato ). In this last step students focus on clinical practice, through training in hospitals and teaching clinics. Teaching this final step honors the axis of increasing complexity, enabling students to make decisions and participate effectively in the form and maintenance of operations under the direct supervision of the faculty and is eligible to act as a teaching aids doctor. Internal performance develops the redemption of the ethical and humanistic dimensions of care, causing students to recognize the values ​​and principles that guide the physician-patient relationship.

After six years of training, students graduate and are awarded a doctor's degree (MÃÆ' Â © dico ) enabling them to enroll in the Regional Medical Council ( Conselho Regional de Medicina ). Recent graduates will be able to run the medical profession as a GP and may apply for graduate training. In 2012, the Regional Medical Council of SÃÆ'Â Â £ o Paulo ( Conselho Regional de Medicina doing Estado de SÃÆ' Â £ o Paulo ) determined that doctors who graduate from this year must pass the test to obtain professional registration. However, passing the exam is not related to getting a registration. Only candidate attendance and test performance are required. Already at the national level, waiting on the Senate bill creates the National Proficiency Exam in Medicine ( Exame Nacional de ProficiÃÆ'ªncia em Medicina ), which will make the race a prerequisite for the conduct of the profession.

Physicians who wish to join a specialization program must undergo a new competitive examination as deemed necessary to join a medical school. Work in health institutions under the guidance of medical professionals with high ethical and professional qualifications. The specialization program is divided into two categories: direct access and prerequisites. Specialization with direct access is where doctors can register without having prior expertise. Every doctor can apply for an examination for this specialization, regardless of prior training or experience. To apply for a pre-requisite of ownership, the doctor should have completed the prior specialization. This program can range from 2 to 6. In Brazil it is currently recognized by the Federal Council of Medicine, the Brazil Medical Association and the National Residency Residency Residency 53 residency programs. Fully fulfilled, awarded a resident specialist degree.

Canada

In 2013, the Association of American Medical Colleges enrolls 17 medical schools that provide MD accreditation in Canada.

In Canada, a medical school is a faculty or a university school that offers three or four years of Doctor of Medicine (M.D. or M.D.C.M.). Generally, medical students begin their studies after receiving a bachelor's degree in another field, often one of the biological sciences. However, revenues can still be granted during the third and fourth years. The minimum requirements for enrollment vary by region from two to four years of post-secondary study. The Canadian Medical Faculty Association publishes detailed AFMC.ca, guidelines for the admission requirements of Canadian faculty of medicine on an annual basis.

Entrance offers are made by individual medical schools, generally on the basis of personal statements, undergraduate records (IPK), scores on Medical University Entry Test (MCAT), and interviews. Voluntary work is often an important criterion considered by the admissions committee. The four medical schools in Quebec and two Ontario schools (University of Ottawa, North Ontario Medical School) do not require MCAT. McMaster requires that MCAT be written, even if they are only looking for a specific score (6 or better) in the verbal reasoning section of the test.

The first half of the medical curriculum is mostly intended to teach basic science relevant to medicine. Teaching methods can include traditional lectures, problem-based learning, laboratory sessions, patient session simulations, and limited clinical experience. The rest of the medical school is spent in administrative work. Clinicians participate in the day-to-day management of the patient. They are supervised and taught during this clinical experience by resident and fully licensed staff physicians.

Students enter the Canadian Resident Matching Service, commonly abbreviated as CaRMS in the autumn of their final year. Students rated their hospital preferences and specialties. The computerized matching system determines the placement for residency positions. 'Match Day' usually occurs in March, a few months before graduation. The duration of postgraduate training varies with the choice of specialization.

During the final year of medical school, students complete part 1 of the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination (MCCQE). After completing the final year of medical school, students are awarded a M.D. Students then begin training in residency programs designated for them by CaRMS. Part 2 of MCCQE, Objective Structural Clinical Examination, was taken after completing twelve months of residency training. After both MCCQE parts have been successfully completed, the resident becomes License from Medical Council of Canada . However, to be able to practice independently, the resident must complete the residency program and take the board exams associated with the intended scope of practice. In the final year of residency training, residents take exams organized by the College of Family Physicians of Canada or the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, depending on whether they seek certification in the field of family medicine or other specializations.

Caribbean

In 2011, the International Medical Education Directory listed the top 59 medical schools in the Caribbean. 54 gives an MD degree, 3 assigns an MBBS degree, and 2 assigns a MD or MBBS degree.

30 schools of medicine in the Caribbean are regional, which trains students to practice in the country or region where the school is located. The remaining 29 Caribbean medical schools are known as offshore schools, which primarily train students from the United States and Canada who intend to return home for residency and clinical practice after graduation. In most overseas schools, basic sciences are completed in the Caribbean while clinicians are completed in educational hospitals in the United States.

Some agencies may also accredit Caribbean schools of medicine, as listed in the FAIMER Organization Directory Acknowledging/Accredited Medical Schools (DORA). 25 of 29 regional schools of medicine in the Caribbean are accredited, while 14 of the 30 offshore medical schools are accredited.

CuraÃÆ'§ao

The current CuraÃÆ'§ao (2015), has 5 medical schools and one other medical university under construction. The majority are located in the town of Willemstad. The six medical schools on the island of CuraÃÆ'§ao only provide education in Basic Medical Science (BMS) which leads to a Medical Doctor degree or Doctor of Medicine (2016). Currently, no medical school offers another degree; such as MBBS or PhD (2016). All students after completing the Basic Medical Sciences program at their medical school in CuraÃÆ'§ao; then must apply to take the USMLE Step Exam, The Canadian or UK Board Exams. Most of the medical students who attend medical school in Curação are from North America, Africa, Europe, or Asia.

Chile

In Chile, there are 21 medical schools. The main medical school is Pontificia Universidad CatÃÆ'³lica de Chile in Santiago, Universidad de Chile, Universidad de ConcepciÃÆ'³n and Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Pre-class studies were distributed in 7 years, where the last 2 were apprentices, which included at least surgery, internal medicine, gynecology and pediatrics. After earning a Licenciate in Medicine (General Medicine) degree, MD must pass a medical examination test called the Unic National Medical Examination Test (EUNACOM "Examen ÃÆ'Å¡nico Nacional de Conocimientos de Medicina" in Spanish) and may specialize directly or work before main concern to gain access to living quarters.

Colombia

In Colombia, there are 50 medical schools registered in the World Directory of Medical Schools, 27 of whom have active programs and are currently registered and accredited as high quality programs by the Ministry of Education of Colombia. The main medical programs offered by Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Universidad del Rosario, Universidad El Bosque, Universidad de los Andes, Universidad del Valle, Universidad de Antioquia and Universidad de la Sabana. Most courses require between 6-7 years of study, and all offer Doctor of Medicine (MD) degrees. In some cases the school also allows for a second degree to be studied for at the same time (this is chosen by students, although most students end up needing to do an alternate semester between their degrees, and mostly in careers such as microbiology or biomedical engineering). For example, the Universidad de los Andes has a program where medical students can graduate with an MD and a Master of Business Administration (MBA), or an MD and a master's degree in public health. Admission to medical schools varies with schools, but usually depends on a combination of general application to university, entrance exams, personal statements or interviews, and high school performance (high) largely reflected on the ICFES score (grades received on state exams in recent years high school/high school).

In most medical programs, the first two years deal with basic scientific courses (cellular and molecular biology, chemistry, organic chemistry, mathematics, and physics), and core medical science (anatomy, embryology, histology, physiology, and biochemistry). The following year may change in how it is organized in different schools, but usually pathophysiology and organ system-based pathology (general pathology and systems, pharmacology, microbiology, parasitology, immunology, and medical genetics are also taught in this block). In the first two years, the program also typically begins courses on epidemiological pathways (which may or may not include biostatistics), clinical skills pathways (semiology and clinical examination), medical/public health channels, and medical ethics and communication skills pathways. Training modes vary, but are usually based on lectures, simulations, standard-patient sessions, problem-based learning sessions, seminars, and observational clinical experience. In the third year, most schools have initiated non-elective, clinical-rotation blocks with accompanying academic courses (these include but not limited to internal medicine, pediatrics, general surgery, anesthesiology, orthopedics, gynecology and obstetrics, emergency medicine, neurology, psychiatry , oncology, urology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, ophthalmology, and authorinolaryngology). Elective rotation is usually introduced in the fourth or fifth year, although as in the case of non-elective rotation, hospital medical students' hospitals may be placed in or applicable to a given rotation completely dependent on medical schools. This is important in terms of medical training, given the particular patient differences, pathology, procedures, and skills viewed and studied in private vs. general hospitals in Colombia. Most schools, however, have placements in both types of hospitals for many specialties.

The last year of medical school in Colombia is called the internship year ("internado"). The internship year is usually divided into two semesters. The first semester consists of mandatory rotation that every student does though in different orders, and the medical intern serves within 5-7 different specialties, usually including internal medicine, pediatrics, general surgery, anesthesiology, orthopedics, gynecology and obstetrics, and emergency medicine. The level of internship responsibilities varies with the hospital, as does the level of supervision and teaching, but generally, medical internships in Colombia extensively take, write, and review clinical histories, answer and discuss referrals with their seniors, progress daily on notes to patients in under their responsibilities, participate in service rounds, present and discuss patients on lap, serve shifts, assist in surgical procedures, and assist in general administrative tasks. Sometimes, they are assigned to order diagnostic tests, but, under Colombian law they can not prescribe drugs because they are not graduate doctors. This, of course, must be completed in addition to their academic responsibilities. The second semester consists of elective rotation, which can be at home or abroad, in the form of clerks or observers. The final graduation requirement is to take a standardized exam, the State Exam for Quality in Higher Education ("de Estado de Estados de Calidad de la Educación Superior" or ECAES, also known as SABER PRO) specifically for medicine, which tests, for example, knowledge in public health and primary care.

After graduation, physicians are required to apply to the Ministry of Health of Colombia, to complete a mandatory social service year ("servicio social obligatorio"), after which they qualify for a professional license to practice general medicine and apply for medical residency in Colombia. However, if students want to practice general medicine abroad or continue on to their postgraduate studies, for example, they can independently start the appropriate application/equality process, without performing their mandatory social services. In this case they will not be allowed to practice medicine in Colombia and if they wish to do so, should apply to the Ministry of Health. N.B. If graduate doctors are admitted immediately to residency in Colombia on internal medicine, pediatrics, family medicine, gynecology and midwifery, general surgery or anesthesiology, they are allowed to complete social services for 6 months after their residence.

In contrast to most countries, residency in Colombia is NOT a paid position, because one applies to programs through universities that post offers, which require tuition. However, on May 9, 2017, legislation was formally introduced in Congress that would seek to regulate payments for medical residents, arrange their dues, and advocate their holiday and work hours. As in other countries, the length of residency training depends on the chosen specialization, and, upon completion, the doctor may choose to apply for a subspecialty at home or abroad depending on the availability of the training program they want, or practice in specialization they.

El Salvador

Universidad de El Salvador (El Salvador University) has an 8-year program for students wishing to study medicine. The first six years are held in two semesters of fashion, the seventh year is used for apprentices spinning through the mayoral special areas in the 10-week fashion period (psychiatry and public health sharing period) and the eighth year is intended for Social services at locations approved by the Ministry of Health doctors present at the Community Health Center or non-profit organization). Graduates receive the MD degree and must enroll in the Public Health Superior Council (CSSP) to obtain a registered medical license and national number that allows them to prescribe barbiturates and other controlled medicines. To attend further studies (Surgery, Internal Medicine, G/OB, Pediatrics, Psychiatry), students in the year of Social Services or graduates from any Salvadoran university must apply independently for residency to the hospital of choice; the initial selection process is based on clinical knowledge test results, followed by psychiatric evaluations and interviews with medical staff and hospital administration. The base residency mentioned above is usually the last 3 years; in the last third trimester of the third year, citizens may apply for the position of the Chief of Population (1 year) or follow further studies as a resident (3 years) of specialization (eg orthopedic surgery, urology, neurology, endocrinology...). No further studies are offered on the date; Therefore, specialists seek training or practice in a particular area (For example: neurosurgeons seeking specialization in endovascular nerve surgery, spinal surgery or pediatric neurosurgery) should attend studies in other countries and apply for such positions independently.

Guyana

In Guyana, medical school is accredited by Guyana National Accreditation Council. Medical programs range from 4 years to 6 years. Students are taught the basic science aspect of the program within the first 2 years of medical school. In clinical science programs, students are introduced to hospital settings where they get hands-on training from qualified doctors and staff at various educational hospitals in Guyana.

• Texila American University
• American International School of Medicine
• Guyana University

Students who graduate from Guyana University are not required to take board exams before practicing medicine in Guyana. Students who graduate from the American International School of Medicine take a USMLE, PLAB, or CAMC exam.

Haiti

Medical schools in Haiti do training in French. Universities that offer medical training in Haiti are Università ©  © Notre Dame d'HaÃÆ'¯ti, Università © Quisqueya, Università © d'Etat d'HaÃÆ'¯ti and Università © à © LumiÃÆ'¨re.

Università © Notre Dame d'HaÃÆ'¯ti (UNDH) is a private Catholic university founded by the Episcopal Conference of Haiti. According to the UNDH website, "UNDH is not just about academic degrees, it's primarily the formation of a new type of Haiti, which belongs to the culture and moral values ​​of the gospel, it is important for serious and honest people that the country needs a day this."

Two other private schools offering medical degrees are Università © Quisqueya and Università © LumiÃÆ'¨re. Università © d'Etat d'HaÃÆ'¯ti is a public school.

Attending medical school in Haiti may be cheaper than attending medical universities located in other parts of the world, but the impact of political unrest in the country should be considered, as it affects the safety of both visitors and Haitians.

Duration of basic medical degree courses, including practical training: 6 years

Judge of Geber diberikan: Docteur en MÃÆ'Â © dedine (Doctor of Medicine)

Medical registration/license to practice: Registration is mandatory with MinistÃÆ'¨re de la SantÃÆ' Â © publique et de la Population, Palais des MinistÃÆ'¨res, Port-au-Prince. Licenses for medical practice are given to medical graduates who have completed 1 year of social services. Those who have overseas qualifications should earn their degree validated by the Faculty of Medicine in Haiti. Foreigners need special authorization to practice.

Panama

The medical education system in Panama usually takes students from high school directly to the Medical School for a 6-year course, usually with a two-year apprenticeship.

United States

In 2012, the Association of American Medical Colleges and the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine enroll 141 accreditation M.D. accredited and 30 medical schools with accredited D.O. accreditation in the United States.

The Doctor of Medicine (MD) and Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) are rated equivalent to a Professional Doctorate.

Admission to medical school in the United States is primarily based on GPA, MCAT score, admission essay, interview, clinical work experience, and voluntary activities, along with research and leadership roles in applicant history. While obtaining a bachelor's degree is not an explicit requirement for some medical schools, almost all students who claim to have received at least a bachelor's degree. Some medical schools offer pre-admission students directly from high school by connecting a joint accelerated 3-year undergraduate degree and a standard 4-year medical degree with a particular undergraduate university, sometimes referred to as a "7-year program", in which students receive a bachelor's degree after their first year in medical school.

As a student, students must complete a series of prerequisites, comprising biology, physics, and chemistry (common and organic chemistry). Many medical schools have additional requirements including calculus, genetics, statistics, biochemistry, English, and/or the humanities class. In addition to meeting the pre-medical requirements, medical school applicants must take and report their scores on MCAT, a standardized test that measures students' knowledge of science and English. Some students enroll for medical school after their third year of undergraduate education while others pursue advanced degrees or other careers before applying to medical school.

In the nineteenth century, there were more than four hundred medical schools in the United States. By 1910, that number was reduced to one hundred forty-eight medical schools and by 1930 there were only seventy-six. Many early medical schools were criticized for not adequately preparing their students for the medical profession, leading to the creation of the American Medical Association in 1847 for the purpose of self-regulation of the profession. Abraham Flexner (who in 1910 released the Flexner report with the Carnegie Foundation), the Rockefeller Foundation, and the AMA is credited with laying the groundwork for what is now known as the modern medical curriculum. The supply restriction of doctors resulting from the Flexner Report has been criticized by classical economists as one of the major factors in the increase in prices relative to the quality observed in medicine over the last 100 years.

The standard US medical school curriculum is four years old. Traditionally, the first two years consist primarily of basic science education classes, while the last two years mainly include rotation in a clinical setting where students learn patient care directly. Today, clinical education is spread over all four years with the last year containing the most clinical rotation time. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) have issued mandatory regulations, mandating all inpatient and outpatient teaching arrangements, laying down guidelines for what medical students in the United States can do, if they have not complete a clerk or a sub-apprentice. These rules apply when they are in clinical settings at school, not when they, for example, assist staff activities or in other informal education settings, even if they help provide certain clinical services along with nurses and supervisor doctors - for example, procedures basic filtering. In formal clinical settings in schools, they can only assist with certain patient evaluation and management tasks, after vital signs, major complaints and current medical history have been seen, but prior to physical examination: reviewing the patient's signs and symptoms in each system body, and then review the patient's medical, genetic, family, educational/work, and psychosocial history. The doctor supervising the student (or other physician with supervisory rights if the original doctor is no longer available, for some reason) should be in the room during the student's work, and must perform the same assessment of the patient prior to the actual physical examination, and after completion and deliberation with students, will review their notes and opinions, edit or correct them if necessary, and will also have their own professional records; both must sign and date and I.D. student records and medical records. They may observe, but not perform, physical examination, surgery, endoscopic or laparoscopic procedures, radiological procedures or nuclear medicine, oncology sessions, and midwifery. Patients should provide consent for attendance and their participation in care, even in teaching facilities. Depending on the time they complete school, their familiarity with the field of medicine and procedures, and the presence of their supervisors, and other people who are needed, in the room or nearby, they may be allowed to perform certain related minor tests. by physical examination, such as simple venipuncture blood withdrawal, and electrocardiograms and electroencephalograms, for learning and experience purposes, especially when no intern or residents are available.

After successful completion of medical school, students are awarded Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.). The residency training, which is a supervised training period of three to seven years (usually combining a 1-year internship) is usually completed for specific areas of interest. Doctors who are sub-specialists or who want a more supervised experience can complete the fellowship, which is an additional one to four year supervised training in their area of ​​expertise.

After completing medical school in the United States, the transition of students to the residency program through the National Resident Match Program (NRMP). Every year, about 16,000 US medical school students participate in residency games. An additional 18,000 independent applicants - former US medical school graduates, US osteopathic medicine schools, US podiatry students, Canadian students, and foreign medical school graduates - compete for about 25,000 available residency positions.

Unlike in many other countries, US medical students usually finance their education with personal debt. In 1992, the average debt of a doctor after residency was $ 25,000. For classes in 2009, the average student medical debt was $ 157,990 and 25.1% of students had debts of more than $ 200,000 (prior to residency). Over the past decade, attendance costs have risen 5-6% annually (about 1.6 to 2.1 times inflation).

Licensing medical doctors in the United States are coordinated at the state level. Most countries require that potential licensors complete the following requirements:

• Graduation from an accredited medical school awarding D.O. or M.D.
  • The United States and Canadian schools must be accredited by the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine or the Liaison Committee on Medical Education.
  • Graduates of overseas medical schools generally have to complete some training in the United States.
• A satisfactory completion of at least one year of the AOA- or ACGME approved residency.
• Graduated from the United States Medical License Examination or a Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical License Check (USMLE, COMLEX, or "board"). USMLE and COMLEX both consist of four similar parts:
  • Steps or Level I are taken at the end of the second year of medical school and test students' mastery of the basic sciences that apply to clinical medicine.
  • Step II Clinical Knowledge (CK) or Cognitive Level II Assessment (CE) is taken during the fourth year of medical school and examine student mastery over the management of sick patients.
  • Step II Clinical Skills (CS) or Performance Level II (PE) Assessment is performed during the fourth year of medical school and tests the mastery of the clinical skills of students using a series of standard patient meetings.
  • Steps or Level III are taken after the first year of the residency program and test the physician's ability to manage patient care independently.

Uruguay

The University of Montevideo in Uruguay is the oldest in Latin America, being public and free, organized together by students, graduates and teachers. The progress of medical science and biology in the nineteenth century, the impact of Claude Bernard's work (1813-1878), Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) Robert Koch (1843-1910), Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) and all the pomps of the French medical schools , Vienna, Berlin and Edinburgh, is a stimulus for the creation of medical schools in the country. The basic medical school program lasts seven years. There is also a second medical school in the country, it is private and is located in Punta del Este, Maldonado.

Venezuela

This is a university with a medical school in Venezuela:

• The Central University of Venezuela.
• University of the Andes (Venezuela).
• Zulia University.
• Carabobo University.
• Eastern University.
• Centroccidental University Lisandro Alvarado.
• National Experimental University Francisco de Miranda.
• National Experimental University Los Llanos Centrales RÃÆ'³mulo Gallegos.
• Bolivarian University of Venezuela.

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Asia and Oceania

Australia

Historically, Australian medical schools have followed the British tradition of awarding Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degrees to their graduates while retaining their Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree for their research training, analogous to PhD, or for their honorary doctorate. Although most Australian MBBS degrees have been graduate programs since the 1990s, under the previous Australian Qualification Framework (AQF), they are still categorized as a Level 7 Degree along with other graduate programs.

The latest version of AQF includes a new category of Level 9 Master (Extended) degrees that allows the use of the term 'Doctor' in a relevant professional degree program degree style. As a result, various Australian medical schools have replaced their MBBS degree with MD to complete the previous anomaly nomenclature. With the introduction of the Masters degree, the university also renamed the previous doctorate of medical research. The University of Melbourne was the first to introduce the MD in 2011 as a basic medical degree, and has renamed its research degree to Doctor of Medicine (DMedSc).

Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, admissions to medical faculties are organized by the Dhaka University Leadership Board. Single entry tests are held for public and private universities. Due to the highly competitive nature of this exam, the number of applicants across the country is approximately 78 times the number of students received. Admission is based on entrance exams, as well as individual student academic records.

The entrance exam consists of a one-hour deadline. 100 alerts are allocated based on objective questions, in which allocation of signs is distributed among various subjects. Biological question brings 30 marks, Chemistry brings 25, Physics brings 20, English brings 15, and general knowledge carries 10.

In addition, the value of SSC (Secondary School Certificate) and HSC (Higher Secondary School Certificate) of previous students each carry up to 100 marks for the overall test result.

English students prepare for entrance exams prematurely. This is because the GCSE and A-Level exams do not cover parts of the Bangladeshi syllabus.

The undergraduate program consists of five years of study, followed by a one-year internship. The degrees are Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (M.B.B.S.). Further postgraduate qualifications can be obtained in the form of a Diploma or Degree (MS or MD), M.Phil and FCPS (Fellowship of College of Physicians and Surgeons).

Dhaka University launched a new BSc in "Radiology and Imaging Technology," offering 30 students the opportunity to contribute to their entrance exam scores. For students who have passed the HSC, this course contributes 25% of the goals. This course contributes up to 75% for students holding Diplomas. Course duration is four years (plus 12 weeks for project submission). The course covers a wide range of topics, including behavioral science, radiology ethics, physics imaging and general procedures.

Cambodia

After 6 years of general medical education (base year 5 years), all students will graduate with Bachelor of Medical Sciences (BMedSc) ???????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? This degree does not allow graduates to work independently as a Doctor, but it is possible for those who wish to hold a master's degree in other fields related to medical sciences such as Public Health, Epidemiology, Biomedical Sciences, Nutrition...

Medical graduates, who wish to qualify as doctors or specialists should follow the rules as below:

• The General Practitioner Course (GP) is 8 years (BMedSc 2 years internship). Clinical rotation in internships is modulated in 4 major disciplines (general treatment, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics). The medical title provided is Doctor of Medicine (MD) ??????? ??? ?????? <((equivalent (equivalent to a master's degree).
• After graduation with BMedSc; every student, who wants to enter the Endurance Training Program, is required to follow a rigorous Entrance Examination. The duration of the residency program lasts from 3 to 4 years after BMedSc (BMedSc 3-4 years of specialization). After graduates, after successfully defending their practicum thesis, officially awarded a Special Doctor's degree (MD-with specialization) ??????????????? ????????????? "Professional Doctor".

All medical graduates must complete Thesis Defense and pass the National Exam ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????

Hong Kong

Hong Kong has only two comprehensive medical faculties, Li Ka Shing Medical School, Hong Kong University and the Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong University of China, and they are also the only two institutions offering medical and pharmaceutical programs. Other health discipline programs (such as nursing) are scattered in some other universities that do not have medical faculties.

Prospective medical students enter one of the two medical faculties available (held by the University of Hong Kong and The Chinese University of Hong Kong) from high school. The medical program consists of 5 years for those who take a traditional Hong Kong Advanced Examination (HKALE) for admission, or 6 years for those who take the new syllabus Hong Kong Hong Kong Secondary School Diploma (HKDSE). International students taking other exams mentioned above will be assessed by the schools to decide whether they will take a 5 year or 6 year program.

Competition entering the degree program of medicine is cut-throat because the amount of intake every year is very limited with the quota of 210 of each school (total 420) and the candidate must achieve excellent examination results and good performance in the interview. Schools place great emphasis on the language of students (both Chinese and English) and communication skills as they need to communicate with other health care professionals and their patients or families in the future.

During their studies in medical school, students need to collect enough hours of clinical practice in addition to their prior graduation.

Education leads to the level of Medical degree and Bachelor of Surgery (M.B., B.S. by HKU or M.B., Ch.B. by CUHK). After a 5- or 6 year degree, a one-year internship follows in order to qualify for practice in Hong Kong.

HKU and CUHK provide well-known pharmacy graduate programs that are popular among local and overseas students. Students of other health disciplines have a duration of 4 years of study, except for nursing courses that require 5 years.

India

In India, admission to medical faculty is organized by both the CBSE and state governments through a test known as an entrance exam. Students who have successfully completed 10 2 (Physics, Chemistry and Brand Biology considered and PCB compulsory) education (high school) may appear for tests in the same year.

Pre-India Medical/Dental Test to fill 15% of the total seats of MBBS in India, conducted by the CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) in April/May, only about 2,500 students out of a total applicant of more than 600,000. The Supreme Court of India has mandated the need for entrance exams based on multiple choice questions and negative markings for wrong answers with the next eligibility above 50% for selection to MBBS as well as higher medical education. Entrance exams are very competitive.

The postgraduate program consists of three professionals comprising 9 semesters, followed by one year internship (rotating housemanship). The degree is a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (M.B.B.S.) five years and six months.

Undergraduate degree MBBS is divided into 3 professionals, with each professional end with professional exams conducted by the university (single university may have up to tens of medical colleges offering various graduate/post-graduate/post-doctoral degrees). After finishing this, the student will move on to the next professional. Each professional exam consists of a theoretical exam and a practice exam conducted not only by the same college but also an external examiner. The exam is difficult and many students can not complete it, thus extending their title time. The first professional is for 1 year and covers preclinical, anatomical, physiological and biochemical subjects. The second professional is for 1 and a half years and has subject pathology, pharmacology, microbiology (including immunology) and forensic medicine. Clinical exposure begins in the second professional. The third professional is divided into two parts. Part 1 consists of ophthalmology, ENT and PSM (preventive and social medicine) and part 2 consists of general medicine [including dermatology, psychiatry as a short subject], general surgery [including radiology, anesthesiology and orthopedics as short subjects] and pediatrics and gynecology and midwifery. This is followed by one year of mandatory internship (rotatory house-surgeonship). After the internship, the MBBS degree is awarded by each university. Some countries have made rural services mandatory for a certain period of time after MBBS.

Selection for higher medical education is through an entrance exam as mandated by the Supreme Court of India. Further postgraduate qualifications may be obtained as a two-year Postgraduate Diploma residency or Doctoral Degree (MS: Master of Surgery, or MD) of three years of residency under the supervision of the Indian Medical Board. 50% of all MD/MS seats in India are filled through the "Indian Medical Examination Entry Entry conducted by AIIMS (Indian Medical Science Institute) under the supervision of the Directorate General of Health Services Theses/Dissertations is mandatory to be submitted and removed by the joint university with a test (written and clinical) to earn an MD/MS.Moreover a post-doctoral qualification sub-specialization (DM - Doctor of Medicine, or MCh - Master of Chirurgery) of three years of residency followed by a university exam can also be obtained.

Qualification of PG (postgraduate) is equivalent to M.D./M.S., Which consists of two/three year residency after MBBS. A PG diploma can also be obtained through the National Board of Examinations (NBE), which also offers a three-year residency for sub-specialization. All degrees by NBE are called DNB (Diplomate of National Board). DNB is only given after the permission of thesis/dissertation and examination. DNB equivalent to DM/MCh must complete mandatorily check.

Indonesia

In Indonesia, high school graduates wishing to enroll in public medical schools should have their names registered by their high school teachers in the "Invitation of SNMPTN" program, administered by the Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of National Education. Depending on high school accreditation, only 10% -15% classes will be considered for acceptance.

Source of the article : Wikipedia