Humphrey DeForest Bogart ( ; December 25, 1899 - January 14, 1957) is an American actor and stage performer. His performances in 1940 noir movies such as The Maltese Falcon, Casablanca and The Big Sleep earned him the status of a cultural icon.
Bogart began action in 1921 after an obstacle in the US Navy in World War I and was mildly successful in various occupations in finance and theater production. Gradually he became a regular at Broadway shows in the 1920s and 1930s. When the stock market crash of 1929 reduced the demand for play, Bogart turned to film. His first success was as Duke Mantee at The Petrified Forest (1936), and this led to a typecasting period as a gangster with films such as Angels with Dirty Faces (1938).
Bogart's breakthrough as a leading man came in 1941 with High Sierra and The Maltese Falcon. The following year, his performance at Casablanca (1943, Oscar nomination) raised him to the top of his profession and, at the same time, confirmed his distinctive feature film, which is a hard boiled cynic that ultimately show the good side. Other successes followed, including To Have and Have Not (1944), The Big Sleep (1946), Dark Passage (1947), and < i> Key Largo (1948), all four with his wife Lauren Bacall; Treasures of the Sierra Madre (1948); In Loneliness (1950); Queen of Africa (1951; Oscar winner); Sabrina (1954); The Caine Mutiny (1954; Oscar nomination); and Our No Angels (1955). His final film is The Harder They Fall (1956).
During his nearly 30 years film career, Bogart appeared in over 75 feature films. In 1999, the American Film Institute placed Bogart as the biggest male star in the classic American cinema. During his career, he received three Academy Award nominations for Best Actor, winning one (for The African Queen ).
Video Humphrey Bogart
Early life and education
Bogart was born on Christmas Day, 1899, in New York City, Belmont's oldest son DeForest Bogart (1867 - 1934) and Maud Humphrey (1868 - 1940). Belmont is the only child of an unhappy marriage from Adam Watkins Bogart, a Canandaigua innkeeper, New York, and his wife, Julia, a wealthy heir. The name "Bogart" comes from the Dutch family name "Bogaert". Belmont and Maud were married in June 1898; he was a Presbyterian, of English and Dutch descent, and he was an Episcopalian from an English heritage, and a descendant of the Mayflower passenger John Howland. Young Humphrey grew up in the Episcopal faith, but did not practice for much of his adult life.
The exact date of Bogart's birth is a long dispute issue, but has been clarified. Warner Bros records his birth date as Christmas Day, 1899, throughout his career; but film historian Clifford McCarty later stated that Warner's publicity department had changed it from January 23, 1900 "... to cultivate the view that a man born on Christmas Day can not be really evil as he appears on screen". The "corrected" January date then appears - and in some cases, fixed - in many authoritative sources. Biographer A.M. Sperber and Eric Lax documented, however, that Bogart always celebrated his birthday on December 25, and consistently recorded it as such on official records, such as his marriage certificate.
Lauren Bacall insists in her autobiography that her birthday is always celebrated on Christmas Day, adding that she jokes that she's cheated out of gifts every year because of it. Sperber and Lax also noted that the announcement of birth, printed in the Ontario County Times on January 10, 1900, effectively ruled out the possibility of the date of birth on January 23; and the state and federal census records of 1900 reported the date of birth of Christmas 1899 as well.
Bogart's father, Belmont, is a cardiopulmonary surgeon. His mother, Maud, is a commercial illustrator who received his art training in New York and France, including studying with James McNeill Whistler. Then he became the art director of The Delineator's fashion magazine and militant voting rights. She uses the picture of baby Humphrey in a famous advertising campaign for Mellins Baby Food. In his prime, he earned more than $ 50,000 a year, then a very large and far more than his husband $ 20,000. The Bogarts live in fashionable Upper West Side apartments, and have an elegant cottage on a 55-acre estate on Canandaigua Lake in New York. As a young boy, a group of Humphrey's friends on the lake will put up a show.
Humphrey has two younger sisters, Frances ("Pat") and Catherine Elizabeth ("Kay"). His parents are busy in their careers and often quarrel. Very formal, they show little emotion towards their children. Maud told his son to call him "Maud" not "Mom", and show little if any physical affection for them. When pleased he "[c] twisted you on the shoulder, almost like a man did," Bogart recalled. "I grew up very indecent but very straightforward.A kiss, in our family, is an event Our mothers and fathers do not admire my sisters and me."
As a boy, Bogart was mocked for the curls, neatness, "cute" drawings his mother made for him, the Little Lord Fauntleroy outfits he wore, and even the name "Humphrey". From his father, Bogart inherited the tendency of needles, likes to fish, lifelong love for boating, and interest in the strong-willed woman.
Bogart attends the private Delancey School until the fifth grade, then the prestigious Trinity School. He was an indifferent, sullen student who showed no interest in after-school activities. Then he went to the elite Phillips school, where he was accepted on a family connection. His parents wished he would go to Yale, but in 1918 Bogart was expelled. Several reasons have been given: one claim that it is to throw the principal (or field guard) into the Rabbit Pond on campus. Others quote smoking, drinking, poor academic performance, and perhaps some inappropriate comments made to the staff. One-third had him withdrawn by his father for failing to increase his values. Whatever caused her early departure, her parents were very anxious and denounced their failed plans for her future.
With no good career options, Bogart followed his passion for the sea and enlisted in the United States Navy in the spring of 1918. He remembered then, "At the age of eighteen, war is a great thing Parisian sexy girls! " Bogart was recorded as a model sailor who spent most of his ocean time after Armistice hauled troops back from Europe.
It was during his naval duty that Bogart might have received his characteristic scars and developed his characteristic lisp, even though the actual situation is not clear. In one account his lips were cut by shrapnel when his ship, USS Leviathan , was pared, although some of Bogart's claims did not work until the sea after the Armistice had been marked. Another version, which Bogart's longtime friend, author Nathaniel Benchley, maintained, was that Bogart was wounded while carrying a prisoner to Portsmouth Navy Prison in Kittery, Maine.
Changing the train in Boston, the cuffed prisoner allegedly asked Bogart to smoke, then when Bogart searched for a match, the prisoner stabbed him with handcuffs, cut Bogart's lips and escaped. Retaken, prisoners were taken to jail. An alternate version has Bogart hitting in the mouth with the cuffs loosening while freeing his cargo, the other still at the wrist of the inmate.
By the time Bogart was treated by a doctor, a scar was already formed. David Niven said that when he first asked Bogart about his scar, he said it was caused by a childhood accident. "Daddy doctor", Bogart then told Niven, "instead of sewing it, he screwed it up." Niven claims the story that Bogart got scars during wartime made by the studio to inject glamor.
Physical post-service does not mention the scars on the lips, although it mentions many smaller scars. When actress Louise Brooks met Bogart in 1924, she had some scarring on her upper lip, which Brooks said that Bogart might have been partially repaired before entering the film in 1930. She believes her scar has nothing to do with her distinctive speech patterns, "his wounds did not give him any trouble speaking, either before or after repair.For years, Bogart trained all types of lip exercises, accompanied by a tone of his nose, growls, lisps and slurs.Hearted punch, his torso, his evil smile is the most successful ever seen in the movie. "
Maps Humphrey Bogart
Initial career
Bogart went home to find his father suffering from poor health, his medical practices were shaky, and much of the family's wealth was lost due to bad investments in wood. During his days at sea, Bogart's character and values ​​evolved independently of family influences, and he began to rebel against their values. He came to be a liberal who hates pretensions, phonies, and pride, and sometimes defies conventional behavior and authority, the traits he presents in life and film. However, he does not neglect good manners, articulations, timeliness, decency, and dislikes for being touched. After his naval service, he works as a sender and then becomes a bond seller. He joined the Coast Guard Reserve.
Bogart continues his friendship with childhood friend Bill Brady, Jr., whose father has shown a business connection. Finally Bogart got an office job working for the new company William A. Brady Sr., World Films. Bogart can try his hand in scriptwriting, directing and production, but does not excel at all. For a while she was the stage manager for Brady's daughter, Alice's play A Ruined Lady. A few months later he made his stage debut as a Japanese waiter in Alice's 1921 drama Drifting, nervously speaking a line of dialogue. Several appearances are followed in the next drama.
While Bogart was raised to believe that acting was under a man, he liked the overtime hours the actor guarded and enjoyed the attention on stage. He stated, "I was born to be lazy and this is the softest of the rackets." He spends much of his spare time in speakeasies and becomes a heavy drinker. The fight in the bar room during this time joins the list of causes of Bogart's lips damage, and coincides better with Brooks account.
Prefers to learn when he leaves, Bogart never takes acting lessons. He persisted and worked steadily in his craft, appearing in at least seventeen Broadway productions between 1922 and 1935. He played a teenager or romantic second person in a living room comedy, and is said to be the first actor to ask "Tennis, anyone?" Above stage. Critics Alexander Woollcott wrote of Bogart's early work that he "is what is usually and generously described as inadequate." Some of the more friendly reviews.
Heywood Broun, review Nerves writes, "Humphrey Bogart delivers the most effective performance... dry and fresh, if possible". He plays the role of a teenager, reporter Gregory Brown, in comedy Meet The Wife, written by Lynn Starling, who has successfully run 232 shows at Klaw Theater from November 1923 to July 1924. Bogart hates this. trivial, the transvestite part he had to play early in his career, calling them the "White Pants Willie" role.
Early in his career, while playing a double role in the Drifting drama at the Playhouse Theater in 1922, Bogart met actress Helen Menken. They married on May 20, 1926, at the Gramercy Park Hotel in New York City. Divorced on November 18, 1927, they remained friends. In the filing of a divorce, Menken asserted that Bogart appreciated his career more than marital happiness, also citing omissions and harassment. On April 3, 1928, he married Mary Philips, whom he met when they appeared in the drama of Nerves during his brief journey at Comedy Theater in September 1924, at his mother's apartment in Hartford, Connecticut.
After the stock market crash of 1929, the production of the stage dropped dramatically, and many more photogenic actors headed to Hollywood. The debut of Bogart's film is with Helen Hayes in 1928, the two-reeler The Dancing Town , where full copies have never been found. He also appeared with Joan Blondell and Ruth Etting in a short Vitaphone, Broadway's Like That (1930) which was rediscovered in 1963.
Bogart then signed with Fox Film Corporation for $ 750 a week. There he met Spencer Tracy, a serious Broadway actor whom Bogart liked and admired, and they became close friends and drinking buddies. It was Tracy, in 1930, who first called her "Bogie". Tracy made her film debut in the only movie in which she and Bogart performed together, John Ford's early sound film Up The River (1930). Both have a big role as inmates. Tracy received the top bill and Bogart's face was shown on the movie poster instead of Tracy.
Bogart then had a small supporting role in Bad Sister with Bette Davis in 1931. A few decades later, Tracy and Bogart planned to create The Desperate Hours together, but both searched top bidder, so Tracy stopped and was replaced by Fredric March.
Bogart back and forth between Hollywood and the New York stage from 1930 to 1935, suffered a long time without work. His parents had separated, his father died in 1934 in debt, which eventually paid Bogart. Bogart inherited the gold ring of his father he always used, even in many films. On his father's deathbed, Bogart finally told him how much he loved her. Her second marriage was on the rocks, and she was not happy with her acting career. She became depressed, irritable, and drank a lot.
Petrified Forest
Bogart starred in the Broadway drama
When I see my actor rather surprised, because he is a person I have never admired. She is an old teenager who spends most of her stage life with white pants swinging a tennis racket. He looked far from the cold-blooded killer as he could, but his voice (dry and tired) remained, and the voice was Mantee's voice.
The drama had 197 shows at the Broadhurst Theater in New York in 1935. Leslie Howard, is the star. New York Times critic Brooks Atkinson said of the drama, "a peach... a melodrama of a roaring West... Humphrey Bogart did the best job of his career as an actor." Bogart said the drama " marks my release from the slim, laid-back, smooth, rigid-tailed smoothie line that I seem to be cursed for life. " However, he still felt insecure.
Warner Bros. bought the screen rights for The Petrified Forest . The drama looked perfect for the studio, famous for its realistic, urban, and socially low-budget action drawings, especially for people who are fascinated by real-world criminals like John Dillinger (who looks like Bogart) and Dutch Schultz. Bette Davis and Leslie Howard play a role. Howard, who holds the production rights, insists that he wants Bogart to star in.
The studio tested several Hollywood veterans for the role of Duke Mantee, and chose Edward G. Robinson, who has a first star rating and will make a movie to fulfill his expensive contract. Bogart sent this news to Howard in Scotland, who replied: "Att: Jack Warner Insist Bogart Play Mantee No Bogart No Deal L.H.". When Warner Bros saw Howard unwilling to move, they gave up and threw Bogart. Jack Warner, famous for beating heads with his stars, tried to get Bogart to adopt the stage name, but Bogart stubbornly refused.
The film was very successful, earning $ 500,000 at the box office, and making Bogart a star. He never forgot the virtues of Howard, and in 1952 named his only daughter "Leslie Howard Bogart" after Howard, who died in World War II under mysterious circumstances. Robert E. Sherwood remains a close friend of Bogart.
Initial movie career
The film version of The Petrified Forest was released in 1936. Bogart's appearance was called "brilliant", "interesting", and "amazing." Despite his success in "A movie," Bogart received a warm twenty-six week contract at $ 550 per week and became typecast as a gangster in a series of "B movie" crime dramas. Bogart is proud of his success, but the fact that it comes from playing a gangster weighs him. He once said: "I can not discuss lightly without turning it into an argument.There must be something in my tone of voice, or this arrogant face - something that goes against everyone.No one likes me to look.I guess that's why I'm thrown in as heavy. "
Bogart's role is not only repeated, but physically demanding and draining (the studios are not yet air-conditioned), and his tightly regulated work, with a tight schedule in Warners is something undesirable and the life of the "peachy" actor he wished. However, he is always professional and is generally respected by other actors. He used these "B movie" years to begin developing his immortal film persona - the wounded, steadfast, cynical, charming, vulnerable, loner with a code of honor.
Regardless of his success, Warner Bros has no interest in making Bogart a top star. Shooting in a new movie may start a few days or just hours after being previously wrapped. The studio system, then on the most powerful and limited actor in its original place, with only the occasional loan. Any actor who refuses the role may be postponed without pay. Bogart did not like the role chosen for him, but he worked steadily. Between 1936 and 1940 he averaged watching movies every two months, sometimes doing two simultaneously.
The facilities at Warners are a bit compared to the prestigious Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Bogart thought that Warner's wardrobe department was cheap, and often dressed in his own clothes. At High Sierra , Bogart uses his own pet dog Zero to play his character's dog, Pard. Bogart Disputes with Warner Bros. for roles and money similar to that done by studios with other high-spirited, less-than-obedient stars like Bette Davis, James Cagney, Errol Flynn, and Olivia de Havilland.
Prominent people in front of Bogart at Warner Bros. not only include names of tents like James Cagney and Edward G. Robinson, but also travel leaders like Victor McLaglen, George Raft, and Paul Muni. Most of the better studio movie scripts go to them, leaving Bogart with what's left. He made movies like Raccoon , San Quentin , and You Can not Get Rid of Murder . The only substantial main role he gained during this period was in Dead End (1937), while lent to Samuel Goldwyn, where he described a gangster who imitated after Baby Face Nelson.
Bogart often played a violent role in Nevel Shute's novel in 1939 What Happened to the protagonist's Corbetts, when asked if he knew how to operate automatic weapons, joked, "I've seen Humphrey Bogart often enough... ". He played a variety of interesting supporting roles, such as at Angels with Dirty Faces (1938) (where his character was shot by James Cagney). Bogart was shot in the film repeatedly by Cagney and Edward G. Robinson, among others. In the Black Legion (1937), for a change, he acted as a good man who was raised and destroyed by a racist organization, a film that Graham Greene described as "intelligent and interesting, if somewhat serious".
In 1938 Warner Bros placed Bogart in a "hilly music" called Swing Your Lady as a wrestling promoter; he then seems to regard this as his worst movie show. In 1939, Bogart played a mad scientist in The Return of Doctor X, his only horror film. He said, "If it was Jack Warner's blood... I would not mind too much, the problem is they drank mine and I made this smelly movie." During this time his wife, Mary, had a stage in A Touch of Brimstone (1935), and refused to give up his career on Broadway to go to Hollywood. After the drama was closed, he relented, but insisted on continuing his career and the couple divorced in 1937.
On August 21, 1938, Bogart entered a disastrous third marriage, with actress Mayo Methot, a friendly and gracious woman when conscious but paranoid and physically drunk. He became convinced Bogart had an affair. The more the two of them parted, the more he drank, in his anger throwing plants, glassware, whatever was close to him, to him. He burned their house, stabbed him with a knife, and slashed his wrists several times. Bogart for his part needs him mercilessly and seems to enjoy a confrontation. Sometimes he turns rough. The press accurately dubbed them "the Battling Bogarts".
"Bogart-Methot's marriage is a continuation of the Civil War," said their friend Julius Epstein. An observer observes that there is "insanity in his Methot." During this time, Bogart bought a motor launch, which he named Sluggy, his familiar vocation for angry Methot. Regardless of his statement that, "I like jealous wives," "We are good friends together (because) we have no illusions about each other," and, "I will not give you two cents for a dame without getting angry, "it is a very destructive relationship.
Bogart has a lifelong disgust for a fetish, fake or fake person. Sensitive yet sharp, he was once again disgusted with the inferior films he was playing. He rarely sees his own movie and avoids the premiere. He even issued a fake press release about his personal life to satisfy the curiosity of newspapers and society. When he thinks an actor, director, or movie studio has done something ugly, he talks about it and is willing to be quoted. He suggested Robert Mitchum that the only way to stay alive in Hollywood is to be a "new person". As a result, he is not the most popular actor, and some in the Hollywood community avoid him personally to avoid problems with the studio. But the Hollywood press, unfamiliar with candor, was delighted. Bogart once said:
Throughout Hollywood, they constantly counseled me, "Oh, you can not say that.That will get you in a lot of trouble," when I commented that some pictures or writers or directors or producers are not good. I do not understand. If he is useless, why do not you say it? If more people will mention it, it may soon start to have some effect. The local idea that everyone who earns a thousand dollars a week is sacred and outside the field of criticism never surprises me.
Rise to star
High Sierra
High Sierra, a 1941 film directed by Raoul Walsh, has a script written by Bogart friend and companion John Huston adapted from the novel by WR Burnett ( Little Caesar >, etc.). Both Paul Muni and George Raft dismissed the lead role, giving Bogart a chance to play a deep character, although the legendary director Walsh initially battled against casting Bogart supporters as a leading man, preferring Raft to that role. The film is the last big movie of Bogart that plays gangsters (only supporting role in 1942 The Big Shot followed). Bogart worked well with Ida Lupino, and his relationship with him was close, provoking jealousy from Bogart's wife, Mayo.
The film brings together a strong personal and professional relationship between Bogart and Huston. Bogart admired and was somewhat jealous of Huston for his expertise as a writer. Despite being a poor student, Bogart is a lifelong reader. He can quote Plato, Pope, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and over a thousand Shakespeare lines. He subscribes to the Harvard Law Review . He admires the writers, and some of his best friends are screenwriters, including Louis Bromfield, Nathaniel Benchley, and Nunnally Johnson. Bogart enjoys intense, provocative, and alcoholic conversation, as Huston did. Both are rebellious and love to play childish jokes. Huston was reportedly bored easily during production, and admired Bogart (also bored easily from the camera) not only because of his acting talent but because of his intense concentration on set.
Maltese Falcon
Now considered a classic movie noir, The Maltese Falcon (1941) is the directorial debut of John Huston. Originally a novel by Dashiell Hammett, first published in Black Mask magazine in 1929, it has also served as the basis of two other film versions including Satan Met Lady i> (1936) starring Bette Davis. Producer Hal Wallis initially offered the leading male role to George Raft, a more established box office name than Bogart, whose contract was set he did not have to appear in the remake. Fearing it would be nothing more than a cleaned version of the Maltese Falcon pre-Production Code (1931), Raft refused to make Labor with director Raoul Walsh and cast Edward G. Robinson and Marlene Dietrich. Vigorously, Huston accepted Bogart as his Sam Spade.
Equipping Bogart is opposite Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, Elisha Cook, Jr., and Mary Astor as treasonous women. The timing and facial expressions of Bogart are praised by players and directors as vital to quick action and quick dialogue. The film was a big hit in theaters and a big win for Huston. Bogart was very happy with it, remarking, "it's practically a masterpiece, I do not have a lot of things I'm proud of... but it's one".
Casablanca
Bogart got his first romantic role in 1942 at Casablanca, playing Rick Blaine, an expatriate nightclub owner who hobbled away from the shady past while negotiating fine lines between Nazis, French underground, Vichy prefects and feelings which has not been resolved for his ex-girlfriend. The film was directed by Michael Curtiz and produced by Hal Wallis, and featured Ingrid Bergman, Claude Rains, Sydney Greenstreet, Paul Henreid, Conrad Veidt, Peter Lorre and Dooley Wilson. An industrious chess player, Bogart is reported to have the idea that Rick Blaine is portrayed as one, a metaphor for the relationship of debate he defends with friends, enemies, and weak allies. In real life Bogart plays a one-division tournament chess level under the master, often enjoying the game with crew members and players, but finding himself better at Paul's superior Henreid.
The magic on display from Bogart and Bergman is the result of two actors working as well as possible, no real life spark, though Bogart's always jealous wife thinks otherwise. Outside the set, co-stars hardly speak. Bergman, who has a reputation for affairs with his people, then says about Bogart, "I kissed him, but I never knew him." Because Bergman is taller, Bogart has a 3 inch (76 mm) beam attached to his shoe in certain scenes.
Casablanca won the 1943 Academy Award for Best Picture. Bogart was nominated for Best Actor Academy Award in the Main Role, but lost to Paul Lukas for his performance on Watch on the Rhine. The film jumped Bogart from fourth place to first in the studio list, eventually following James Cagney. In 1946, he would double his annual salary to over $ 460,000, making him the highest paid actor in the world.
World War II
During part of 1943 and 1944, Bogart continued his USO and War Bond tour accompanied by Methot, having a difficult journey to Italy and North Africa, including Casablanca.
Bogart and Bacall
To Own and No
Bogart met Lauren Bacall during the filming of To Have and Have Not (1944), a loose adaptation of Ernest Hemingway's novel. The film has much in common with Casablanca - the same enemy, the same hero, even the sidekick piano player (played by Hoagy Carmichael). When they meet, Bacall is 19 and Bogart 44. He calls him "Baby." He has been a model since 16 and has acted in two failed dramas. Bogart was interested in Bacall's high cheekbones, green eyes, brownish-brown hair, and slender body, and his maturity, calmness and frankness. Reportedly he said, "I just saw your test We'll have fun together." Their physical and emotional connection was powerful from the start, age differences and differences in the acting experience that allowed the dynamics of a mentor-pupil relationship to arise. Contrary to the norm of Hollywood, their relationship was the first Bogart with a prominent woman. She is still married and her initial meetings with Bacall are very secretive and brief, their separation bridged by a passionate love letter. The relationship made it easier for newcomers to make their first movie, and Bogart did his best to make it comfortable with the jokes and quiet training. She lets her steal the scene and even push it. Howard Hawks, for his part, also did his best to improve his performance and highlight his role, and found Bogart easily geared.
Hawks at some point began to disapprove of the couple. He considers himself the protector and mentor of Bacall, and Bogart seizes that role. Married, and usually not interested in his star, he also fell in love with Bacall, saying that he meant nothing to Bogart and even threatened to send him to Monogram, the worst studio in Hollywood. Bogart calmed him down and then went after the Hawks. Jack Warner settles the dispute and the filming continues. The Hawks said of Bacall: "Bogie fell in love with the character he played, so he has to keep playing it for the rest of his life."
The Big Sleep
Just a few months after wrapping up the movie, Bogart and Bacall reunited for an encore, the Big Sleep movie, based on Raymond Chandler's novel, again with the help of William Faulkner's script. Chandler really admired Bogart's performance: "Bogart can be tough without a gun, and he has a humorous sense of humiliation like that." The film was completed and scheduled for release in 1945, then withdrawn and substantially re-edited to add a new scene, a scene that exploits both the box office chemistry that shines between Bogart and Bacall in To Have and Have Not, and the fame of their personal relationships.
As director Howard Hawks urges production partners, Charles K. Feldman agrees with a rewritable Bacall scene to improve the 'insolent' quality that has sparked criticism and audiences in the film. Incidentally, the 35 mm positive nitrate composite master (fine grain) of the 1945 version survived. The UCLA Film Archive, in collaboration with Turner Entertainment and with funding provided by Hugh Hefner, was restored and released in 1996.
Throughout the film, Bogart is still split between his new love and his sense of responsibility towards his marriage. The mood in the shooting location was tense, the actors were both exhausted emotionally when Bogart tried to find a way out of his dilemma. Dialogue, especially in newly taken scenes, is full of sexual innuendo supplied by the Hawks, and Bogart proves convincing and enduring as private detective Philip Marlowe. Ultimately, the film was a success, though some critics found the plot confusing and overly complex. Reportedly confused Chandler himself can not answer the question of the screenwriter about who killed the limousine driver at the beginning of the story.
Wedding
Bogart filed for divorce from Methot in February 1945. He and Bacall were married in a small ceremony at the home of a friendly country near Bogart, Pulitzer Prize-winning author Louis Bromfield, at Malabar Farm near Lucas, Ohio, on May 21, 1945.
Bogart and Bacall moved into a $ 160,000 white brick house ($ 2,170,000 in 2017) in an exclusive neighborhood in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles. The marriage proved to be happy, despite the tension due to their differences. Drinking Bogart sometimes inflamed the tension. He is a homebody and he likes nightlife; he loves the sea, which makes him seasick.
In California in 1945, Bogart purchased a 55-foot (17 m) sailing yacht, Santana , from actor Dick Powell. He found a sea of ​​refuge, spending about thirty weekends a year on the water, with a certain fondness for sailing around Catalina Island. He once said, "An actor needs something to stabilize his personality, something to know what he's really doing, not what he thinks right now." He also joins the Coast Guard Temporary Reserve which offers the use of his own yacht, Santana, for the use of the Coast Guard. It was rumored Bogart tried to register but was rejected because of his age.
Dark Passage and Key Largo
The tense Dark Passage (1947) is the next Bogart and Bacall couple. The first third is taken from the standpoint of the Bogart character, with the camera seeing what it sees. After his plastic surgery, the rest of the film was shot normally, with Bogart looking to find the real killer in the crime he was blamed and sentenced to prison.
The couple starred in the classic future, Key Largo . Directed by John Huston, the film highlights Edward G. Robinson as a gangster "Johnny Rocco," a worsening synthesis of many of his evil early evil roles. Characters trapped during a spectacular storm at a hotel owned by Bacall's father-in-law screen, played by Lionel Barrymore. Claire Trevor won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her heart-rending performance as Rocco's physically abused alcoholic boyfriend. Although Robinson always had the top bills on Bogart in previous films, Robinson's name this time appeared to Bogart's right, but placed slightly higher on the poster and in the opening credits of the film, to signify Robinson's almost identical status. Robinson's picture is also very large and centered on the original poster, with Bogart lowered to the background.
In the movie trailer, Bogart is repeatedly mentioned first, but the name Robinson is listed above Bogart in the player list at the end of the trailer. Robinson's role was to inspire Duke Mantee in The Petrified Forest (1936), the breakthrough of a prominent man in the studio Bogart originally destined for Robinson.
Children
Bogart became his first father at the age of 49 when Bacall gave birth to Stephen Humphrey Bogart on January 6, 1949, during the filming of Tokyo Joe . The name was taken from Bogart's nickname in To Have and Have Not , "Steve". Stephen will become a writer and biographer, then a special television host about his father in Turner Classic Movies. Three years later the daughter of the couple, Leslie Howard Bogart, was born on August 23, 1952 and he would withdraw his name from his friend Bogart and Petrified Forest against his British actor Leslie Howard.
Later career
The great success of Casablanca redefined Bogart's career. For the first time, Bogart can be successfully cast as both strong, strong men and a vulnerable love interest. Despite his high standing, he does not yet have the contractual right of rejecting the manuscript. When he gets a weak script, he just digs his heel and locks the horn again with the front office, as he did in the movie Conflict (1945). Although he handed it to Jack Warner on it, he succeeded in refusing God is My Co-Pilot (1945).
Treasure from Sierra Madre
Driving high in 1947 with a new contract that gave the rejection of limited manuscripts and the right to form its own production company, Bogart reunited with John Huston for the Sierra Madre Treasure , a cruel tale of greedy play by three gold seekers in Mexico. Without a happy love interest or ending, it is considered a risky project. Bogart went on to say about the main star (and John Huston's father) Walter Huston, "He's probably the only Hollywood player I'm glad I lost the scene."
The film was fired in the summer for realism and a bigger atmosphere, proving very tiring. James Agee writes, "Bogart does an outstanding job with this character... miles ahead of the excellent work he has done before". John Huston won an Academy Award for guidance and scenarios and his father won Best Supporting Actor, but the film had mediocre box office results. Bogart complains, "The intelligent manuscript, beautifully directed - something different - and the public turns his cold shoulders".
Un-American House Activity Committee
Bogart, a liberal Democrat, organized a delegation to Washington, D.C., called the Committee for the First Amendment, against what he regarded as the harassment of the No-American Activity Committee of Hollywood screenwriters and actors. He later wrote the article "I'm Not Communist" in the March 1948 edition of Photoplay magazine where he distanced himself from The Hollywood Ten to counter the negative publicity resulting from his performance. Bogart writes: "The ten people cited for humiliation by the House Committee on Un House Activities are not defended by us."
Santana Productions
In addition to being offered a better and more diverse role, Bogart started its own production company in 1948, Santana Productions, named after its sailing yacht (which also lent its name to the cruiser cabin featured at the peak of that year's devastation, Key Largo ). Gaining the right to create his own production company has made Warner Bros. heads. Jack Warner is angry, and afraid other stars will do the same and further erode the power of the big studio. In addition to the pressures they received from freelance actors such as Bogart, James Stewart, Henry Fonda, and others, they began to burden the effects of eroding television and anti-trust law enforcement that broke the theater chain. Bogart appeared in his latest film for Warner, Chain Lightning, released early in 1950, and The Enforcer , in early 1951.
Bogart's Santana Productions released her film through Columbia Pictures. Without stopping, Bogart starred in Knock on Any Door (1949), Tokyo Joe (1949), < Sirocco (1951) and Beat the Devil (1953). Santana made two other films without her: And Baby Makes Three (1949) and The Family Secret (1951).
Something of a parody of The Maltese Falcon Beat the Devil is Bogart's last film with his close friend and favorite director John Huston. Written together by Truman Capote, the eccentricly filmed story follows a group of unscrupulous scoundrels chasing unreached treasures.
Bogart sold his interest in Santana to Columbia for more than $ 1 million in 1955.
Queen of Africa
Working out on his own Santana Productions, Bogart starred with Katharine Hepburn at John Huston directed The African Queen in 1951. The CS Forester based novel was ignored and left undeveloped for fifteen years until producer Sam Spiegel and Huston bought his rights. Spiegel sent Katharine Hepburn the book and she suggested Bogart for the male lead, firmly believing that "she is the only person who can play that role". Huston's passion for adventure, deep, long-standing friendship, and success with Bogart, and the opportunity to work with Hepburn, convince the actor to leave the confines of a comfortable Hollywood scene for a difficult shoot at a location in Belgian Congo in Africa. Bogart gets 30 percent of the profit and Hepburn 10 percent, plus a relatively small salary for both. The stars meet in London and announce the prospect of being happy to work together.
Bacall comes for a duration of four months plus, leaving their little boy to be treated at L.A. The Bogart embarked on a journey with a banquet through Europe, including a visit with Pope Pius XII. Then, glamor will disappear and Bacall will make himself useful as a cook, nurse and laundry, get praise from her husband: "I do not know what we will do without him." He made my clothes in the darkest Africa. Nearly everyone in the cast comes with dysentery except Bogart and Huston, who live off canned food and alcohol. Bogart explained, "What I eat is roasted peanuts, canned asparagus and Scotch whiskey, every time a fly, Huston or I, falls dead." Hepburn, a person who does not drink alcohol in and out of character, falls worse in difficult conditions, loses weight and at one point gets sick. Bogart rejected Huston's insistence on using real leeches in the key scene in which Charlie had to drag his steam launch through the full swamp, until a false mind was employed. In the end, the crew overcomes the disease, invaded army ants, leaky boats, poor food, attacks on hippos, poor water filters, intense heat, insulation, and ship fires to complete an impressive film. Despite the discomfort of jumping from boat to swamp, rivers and swamps, the film seems to revive Bogart's initial love of the boat. Upon his return to California, he bought the classic runack Hacker-Craft mahogany, which he kept until his death.
The role of comrades Charlie Allnutt won Bogart the only Academy Award in three nominations, for Best Actor in Main Role in 1951. Bogart considers his performance as the best in his film career. He has sworn to his friends that if he wins, his speech will break the convention to thank all the visible people. He suggested Claire Trevor, when she was nominated for Key Largo, to "just say you do it all by yourself and do not thank anybody". But when Bogart won the Academy Award, which was really coveted, even though he was so despicable of Hollywood, he said, "This is far from the Belgian Congo to the theater stage, it's better to be here. No one does it alone. As in tennis, you need a good opponent or partner to bring out the best in you. John and Katie help me be where I am now. Despite his thrilling triumph and confession, Bogart later commented, "The way to survive Oscars never tries to win others... too many stars... win it and then imagine they have to peak... they become afraid to take chances. The result: Many boring performances in boring pictures ".
Queen Africa is the first Technicolor film in which Bogart appears. She appeared in relatively few color films for the rest of her career, which continued for five years.
Final role
Just three years after the victory of his Best Actor in Queen Africa, Bogart dropped the price of his request to get Captain Queeg's role in the 1954 drama Edward Dmytryk The Caine Mutiny . Although he complained with some of the old bitterness about having to do it, he gave a strong performance in the lead, earning him his last Oscar nomination as well as being the subject of the cover story in the June 7, 1954 edition of TIME . However, for all his success, Bogart was still a melancholy old man, grumbling and hostile to the studio, while his health began to deteriorate. The Queeg characters are reflected in some of the things played by Bogart at The Maltese Falcon, Casablanca and The Big Sleep - aloof loners who do not trust one - but without the warmth or humor of these roles. Like his role as Fred C. Dobbs in the Sierra Madre Treasure , Bogart plays a paranoid character, self-pity whose little mind eventually destroys him. Three months before the release of the film, Bogart appeared as Queeg on the cover of TIME magazine, while on Broadway Henry Fonda was starring in the stage version (in a different role), both generating strong publicity for the film.
At Sabrina , Billy Wilder wants to cast Cary Grant as the lead male lead. Unable, he chose Bogart to play an older and conservative older brother who competes with his younger sister (William Holden) for Sabrina's love like Cinderella (Audrey Hepburn). Bogart did not particularly like the part, but agreed to shake hands with Wilder, without a script, but with director's assurances he would take care of Bogart during filming. However, Bogart played poorly with the director and his co-star. He complained about the manuscript and workmanship and last minute deliveries, and accused Wilder of supporting Hepburn and Holden inside and outside the set. At its roots Wilder became the opposite of Bogart's ideal director, John Huston, in style and personality. Bogart grumbled to the press that Wilder was "arrogant" and "Prussian German is a kind of horse-drawn crop He is the type of director that I do not like working with... the image is a crock jars I fall sick and tired who gets Sabrina." Wilder later claiming, "We parted as enemies but eventually made." Apart from the bitterness, the film is a success. The New York Times crowed that Bogart was "very nimble... the skill used by these old rock-ribbed actors brings together jokes and such duplications by melting melting is one of the infinite joys of the show."
The Barefoot Contessa, directed by Joseph Mankiewicz, was filmed in Rome, and released in 1954. In this Hollywood movie, Bogart again is an addict, a cynical narrator director who saved his career by making the star dancer flamenco modeled on the real life sex film goddess Rita Hayworth. Bogart is uncomfortable with Ava Gardner in the female lead, as he has just split from a close friend of "Rat Pack", Frank Sinatra, and an affair with matador Luis Miguel DominguÃÆ'n. Bogart told him, "Half the population of women in the world will throw themselves at Frank's feet and here you are clinging with people dressed in robes and little balerina sandals." He was also troubled by his inexperience. Later, Gardner praised Bogart by helping him both on the screen and on the screen. Bogart's performance is generally hailed as the strongest part of the film. During the filming, when Bacall was home, Bogart continued his affair with Verita Bouvaire-Thompson, his old studio assistant, whom he used to sail and enjoy a drink together. When his wife suddenly arrives at the scene, finds them together, he does it pretty well, puts out expensive spending from her husband, all three traveling together after the shootings.
Bogart can be generous with actors, especially those who are blacklisted, longing for luck, or having personal problems. During the filming of Edward Dmytryk directing The Left Hand of God (1955), he saw his fellow star Gene Tierney having difficulty remembering his lines and acting strangely. He trained Tierney, gave him a line. He was familiar with the mental illness due to his sister's depression, and encouraged Tierney to seek treatment. He also stood behind Joan Bennett and urged him as his co-star at Michael Curtiz We No Angels when a bad public scandal made persona non grata with Jack Warner.
Bogart rounded off 1955 with The Desperate Hours , directed by William Wyler. Mark Robson The Harder They Fall (1956) is his last film.
Television and radio
While Bogart rarely appears on television, he and Bacall appear on Edward R. Murrow's Person to Person where they disagree in answering each question. Bogart also appeared on The Jack Benny Show. The live kinescope from live broadcasts caught him in his only TV sketch comedy show.
Bogart and Bacall also worked together on the original color broadcast in 1955, an NBC adaptation of the Petrified Forest for Producers Showcase, with Bogart receiving the top billing and Henry Fonda playing Leslie Role Howard; black and white kinescope from live broadcast also survived.
Bogart made radio adaptations from some of his famous films, such as Casablanca and The Maltese Falcon . He also recorded a radio series called Bold Venture with Lauren Bacall.
In 1995 the newly developed digital technology allowed Bogart images to be inserted in the television episode "You, Murderer" as one of the many references to Casablanca . The character "Ingrid Bergman" is played by his daughter, Isabella Rossellini.
Personal life
Rat Pack
Bogart is a founding member and original leader of the so-called Rat Hollywood Package. In the spring of 1955, after a long party in Las Vegas attended by Frank Sinatra, Judy Garland, her husband Sid Luft, Mike Romanoff and Gloria's wife, David Niven, Angie Dickinson and others, Lauren Bacall surveyed the debris and declared, "You looks like a damn rat packet. "
The name was stuck and made official at Romanoff in Beverly Hills. Sinatra taboo Pack Leader; Bacall, Den Mother; Bogie, Director of Public Relations; and Sid Luft, Acting Cage Manager. When asked by columnist Earl Wilson what the group's purpose was, Bacall stated: "Drink lots of bourbon and stay up."
Death
After, after signing a long-term contract with Warner Bros., Bogart had expected with joy that his teeth and hair would fall out before the contract ended. In 1955, although he was firmly established as an independent producer, the health of actors sometimes failed. In the wake of Santana, he has formed a new company and has anxious plans for a film, Melville Goodwin, A.S.A. , where he will play the General, and Bacall a great king of the press. However, his constant coughing and eating difficulties became too serious to ignore, and he canceled the project.
Bogart, a heavy smoker and drinker, has developed esophageal cancer. He hardly ever talked about his failing health and refused to see a doctor until January 1956 after much persistence from Bacall. The diagnosis of cancer was made a few weeks later. He underwent surgery on March 1, 1956, where his entire throat, two lymph nodes, and ribs were removed but, by that time, it was too late to stop the disease, even with chemotherapy. He underwent a corrective surgery in November 1956 after the cancer spread. Over time, she becomes too weak to walk up and down stairs, fighting the pain but can still joke: "Put me in the food elevator and I'll go upstairs with style." It was later changed to accommodate his wheelchair. Frank Sinatra is frequented, as do Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy. In an interview, Hepburn describes the last time he and Tracy saw their good friend, on the night of January 13, 1957, the day before Bogart's death:
Spence patted her shoulder and said, "Good night, Bogie." Bogie shifted her gaze to Spence very calmly and with a sweet smile over Spence's hand with her own hands and said, "Goodbye, Spence." The heart of Spence stood still. He understands.
Bogart fell into a coma and died in his bed the next day. He had just turned 57 twenty days earlier and weighed only 80 pounds (36 kg). His simple funeral was held at All Saints Episcopal Church, with a selection of music from favorite composers Johann Sebastian Bach and Claude Debussy. The ceremony was attended by several Hollywood stars, including Hepburn, Tracy, Judy Garland, David Niven, Ronald Reagan, James Mason, Bette Davis, Danny Kaye, Joan Fontaine, Marlene Dietrich, James Cagney, Errol Flynn, Gregory Peck, Gary Cooper, Billy Wilder, and Jack Warner. Bacall had asked Tracy to give the speech, but she was too upset, so John Huston spoke instead. He reminds the mourning that while Bogart's life has ended too soon, it has become rich:
Himself, he has never been too serious - his job is most serious. He considers the rather striking figure of Bogart, the star, with an amused cynicism; Bogart, the actor, he holds a deep respect... In each fountain in Versailles there is a spear which keeps all the goldfish active; otherwise they will become fat and die. Bogie is delighted to perform a similar task at the Hollywood fountain. But his victims rarely make him hate, and when they do so, not for long. His shaft was made just to stick to the outer layer of satisfaction, and did not penetrate into the realm of spirits where the actual wound was done... He was quite irreplaceable. There will never be anything else like her.
Bogart's former cremation is buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery, Glendale, California, at Garden of Memory, Columbarium of Eternal Light. He is buried with a small gold whistle, once part of the charm bracelet he gave to Lauren Bacall before they married. On it was written an allusion to a line from their first joint film, in 1944, To Have and Have Not, in which Bacall had told him shortly after their first encounter: "You know how to whistle, no, Steve? You just stuck your lips and blew it up. " It says: "If you want something, whistle."
The probate value of the Bogart estate is $ 910,146 gross and $ 737,668 net ($ 7.9 million and $ 6.4 million in 2017, respectively).
Inheritance and tribute
Jean-Luc Godard's Awards and honors
On August 21, 1946, Bogart was honored at a ceremony at Grauman's Chinese Theater to record his hands and footprints on cement. On February 8, 1960, he was posthumously inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame with a motion picture star located at 6322 Hollywood Boulevard. During his career, Bogart was nominated for several awards including the BAFTA award for Best Foreign Actors in 1952 for the Queen of Africa and three Academy Awards.
In 1997, the United States Postal Service honored Bogart with a stamp containing the image in the "Hollywood Legend" series as the acknowledged third character. At a formal ceremony attended by Lauren Bacall, and the children of Bogart, Stephen and Leslie, Tirso del Junco, chairman of the USPS government council, gave an impressive tribute:
"Today, we are marking another chapter in Bogart's legacy, with a small yet powerful image left in celluloid, we will start today to bring his art, strength, unique star quality, to his messages exploring the world."
On June 24, 2006, a section of 103rd Street, between Broadway and West End Avenue, in New York City was renamed "Humphrey Bogart Place." Lauren Bacall and her son Stephen Bogart were present at the ceremony. "Bogie will never believe it," Lauren Bacall told a group of city officials gathered and the audience in attendance.
In popular culture
Humphrey Bogart's life has inspired writers and others:
- Two Bugs Bunny cartoons show Bogart:
- In Slick Hare (1947), Bogart ordered a fried rabbit in a Hollywood restaurant. Told that they do not have it, he becomes insistent, and leads the waiter Elmer Fudd to try to present Bugs as his food. Bogart finally gave up, saying: "Babies just have to have a ham sandwich instead." The bug, upon hearing that name, then presents itself to Bacall.
- In 8 Bunny Balls (1950), Bugs decides to bring baby penguins back to the South Pole. At intervals, "Fred C. Dobbs" (the Bogart character in Sierra Madre's Treasure) appears and asks Bugs to "help fellow Americans who bemoan his fate" - the Bogart line says several times in the movie for John Huston , plays American gringo.
- Bogart is featured in four Mad Magazine parodies from 1955, 1993 and 2001. January 1955 edition No.19 in "The Cane Mutiny!" and the May 1955 issue of No.23 in "The Barefoot Nocountessa!" and September 1993 edition No. 321 in "Star Blecch: Deep Space Swine as Rick Blaine and January 2001 edition No.300 at" Casabonkers "
- Bogart is mentioned several times as the inspiration for the protagonist in the classic Jean-Luc Godard Breathless (1960).
- Bogart is featured in one of Woody Allen's comic films, Play It Again, Sam (1972), which tells the story of seor
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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