Williamsburg, Brooklyn

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Williamsburg is a neighborhood in the New York City area of ​​Brooklyn, bordered by Greenpoint in the north; Bedford-Stuyvesant to the south; Bushwick, East Williamsburg, and Ridgewood, Queens to the east; and Fort Greene and the East River to the west. Part of the Brooklyn Community Council 1, the neighborhood is served in the south by the NYPD 90 Area and in the north by 94th Precinct. In New York City Council, the western and southern parts of the environment are represented by the 33rd District; and its eastern part by the 34th District. At the 2010 US Census, the environmental population was 32,926, an increase of 2.0% from 2000.

Since the late 1990s, Williamsburg has experienced gentrification characterized by hipster culture, contemporary art, and vibrant nightlife. During the early 2000s, the neighborhood became a center for indie rock and electroclash, and has been dubbed "Little Berlin". Many ethnic groups inhabit the enclave of the neighborhood, including Italians, Jews, Hispanics, Poles, Puerto Ricans, and Dominicans.

Video Williamsburg, Brooklyn

History

Establishment

In 1638, the Dutch West Indies Company purchased the area's land from a native American Lenape occupying the area. In 1661, the company rented the Town of Boswijck, including land that would later become Williamsburg. After the British takeover in New Netherland in 1664, the city's name was symbolized by Bushwick. During the colonial period, villagers called the area "Bushwick Coast". This name lasts for about 140 years. The Bushwick Coast was cut off from other villages in Bushwick by Bushwick Creek to the north and by Cripplebush, a thick, misty patch of land extending from Wallabout Creek to Newtown Creek, to the south and east. Bushwick residents call Bushwick Shore "The Strand".

Farmers and gardeners from other Bushwick villages send their goods to the Bushwick Shore to be transported across the East River to New York City for sale through the market on Grand Street today. The lucrative Bushwick Shore location close to New York City led to the creation of several agricultural developments. In 1802, real estate speculator Richard M. Woodhull acquired 13 acres (53,000 m²) near what would become Metropolitan Avenue, then North 2nd Street. He owns Colonel Jonathan Williams, a US Engineer, a property survey, and named it Williamsburgh (with h at last) in his honor. Originally a 13-acre (53,000m ² ) development inside Bushwick Shore, Williamsburg thrived during the first half of the nineteenth century and eventually broke away from Bushwick and established its own independent city.

Merger Williamsburgh

Williamsburg was included as Williamsburgh Village in Bushwick City in 1827. Within two years had firms, post offices and a population of over 1,000. The deep design along the East River prompted many industrialists, many from Germany, to build shipyards around Williamsburg. Raw materials are shipped, and finished products are shipped directly from factory to dock. Some sugar barons build a processing plant. Now all is gone except for Gino Domino who is now dead (previously Havemeyer & Elder). Other important industries include shipbuilding and brewing.

On April 18, 1835, Williamsburg Village annexed parts of the Bushwick City. The village then consists of three districts. The first district is usually called the "South Side"; the second district is called "North Side", and the third district is called "New Village". The names "North Side" and "South Side" remain in general use today, but the names for the Third District change frequently. The New Village became populated by Germany and is temporarily known as the nickname "Dutchtown". In 1845, the Williamsburgh population was 11,500.

Reflecting the increased urbanization, Williamsburg separated from Bushwick as The City of Williamsburg in 1840. Became Williamsburg City (throw "h") in 1852, organized into three wards. The old First Ward roughly coincides with the South Side and the Second Ward with the North Side, with a modern boundary on Grand Street. The Third Ward is east of this, extending from Union Avenue east to Bushwick Avenue beyond the Bushwick (some of which are now called East Williamsburg).

Merge into Eastern District

In 1855, the City of Williamsburg, along with the adjacent Damwick City, was annexed to Brooklyn City as the so-called Eastern District. Williamsburg's First Ward became the 12th Ward of Brooklyn, 14th Ward Ward Brooklyn Ward and 15th Ward Ward and 16th Ward Ward.

During this period as part of the Eastern District of Brooklyn, the region achieved remarkable industrial, cultural and economic growth, and local business expanded rapidly. Rich New Yorkers like Cornelius Vanderbilt and Jim Fisk's Jubilee railway build a side-edge luxury house. Charles Pratt and his family founded the Pratt Institute, the arts & amp; architecture, and Astral Oil Works, which later became part of Standard Oil. Corning Glass Works was established here before moving to the state of Corning, New York. German immigrant, chemist Charles Pfizer founded Pfizer Pharmaceutical in Williamsburg, and the company retained an industrial plant in the neighborhood until 2007, although its headquarters were moved to Manhattan in the 1960s.

Brooklyn's Broadway, ending with a ferry to Manhattan, became the lifeline in the area. This area is proving popular for seasoning producers and household products. Factories for Domino Sugar, Esquire Shoe Polish, Dutch Mustard, and many others were established in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many of these factory buildings are now (or have been) converted to non-industrial use, especially housing.

The inhabitants were initially very German, but many Jews from the Lower East side of Manhattan came to the area after the completion of the Williamsburg Bridge in 1903. Williamsburg has two large community banks: Williamsburgh Bank Savings (chartered 1851, since being absorbed by HSBC) and rival Dime Savings Bank of Williamsburgh (charter 1864, now known as DIME, remains independent). The area around Peter Luger Steak House, founded in 1887, in a predominantly German neighborhood under the Williamsburg Bridge, is a major banking center until Brooklyn City unites with New York City. One of the first high schools in Brooklyn, Middle East High School, opened here in February 1900.

Merger to New York City

In 1898, Brooklyn became one of five districts in Greater City of New York, and the Williamsburg neighborhood opened for closer connections with the rest of the newly consolidated city. Just five years later, the opening of the Williamsburg Bridge in 1903 further opened the community for thousands of immigrants to move upwards and the second generation of Americans fleeing the overcrowded slum houses on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Williamsburg itself soon became the most populous neighborhood in New York City, which in turn was the most populous city in the United States. The A Tree Grows in Brooklyn novel greeted a young girl who grew up in tenements in Williamsburg during this era.

Brooklyn Union Gas at the beginning of the 20th century consolidated coal gas production to Williamsburg at 370 Vandervoort Avenue, closing the Gowanus Canal gaswork. The energy crisis of the 1970s made the company build a syngas plant. Late this century, facilities were built to import liquefied natural gas from abroad. The intersection of Broadway, Flushing Avenue, and Graham Avenue was a crossroads for many "interurbans", before World War I. This light train ran from Long Island to Williamsburg.

Refugees from war-torn Europe began to flow into Brooklyn during and after World War II, including Hasidim whose population has been destroyed in the Holocaust. The area south of Division Avenue is home to a large population of Satmar Hasid sects who came to the area from Hungary and Romania. Hispanics from Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic also began to settle in the area. But the population explosion was eventually confronted with heavy industry decline, and from the 1960s, Williamsburg saw marked increases in unemployment, crime, gang activity, and illegal drug use. Those who are able to get out often do so, and the area became famous for crime and other social ills.

On 3 February 1971, at 10: 42 p. m., Frank Serpico's police were shot during a drug bust, during reconnaissance at 778 Driggs Avenue. Serpico has been one of the driving forces in the establishment of the Knapp Commission, which reveals widespread police corruption. His fellow practitioners failed to ask for help, and he was rushed to Greenpoint Hospital only when an elderly neighbor called the police. The incident was later dramatized in the 1973 movie opening scene Serpico , starring Al Pacino in the title role.

Gentrification and rezoning 2005

Low rent is the main reason the first artists began to settle in the area, but the situation has changed drastically since the mid-1990s. The average rent in Williamsburg can range from about $ 1400 for studio apartments up to $ 1,600-2,400 for one-bedroom and $ 2,600-4,000 for two bedrooms. The price of land in Willamsburg has skyrocketed. The North Side, above Grand Street, which separates the North Side from the South Side, is somewhat more expensive due to its proximity to the New York City Subway (in particular, the train L and G BMT Canarsie Line and IND Crosstown Line, respectively). Newer gentrification and the M train route (whose route was modified to go from the downtown BMT Nassau Street Line to the center of IND Sixth Avenue Line in 2010), however, have driven an increase in rent to the south of Grand Street as well. The higher rents have driven many bohemians and hipster into more remote environments such as Bushwick, Bedford-Stuyvesant, Fort Greene, Hill Clinton, Cobble Hill, and Red Hook.

On May 11, 2005, the New York City Council passed a large-scale rezonation from the North Side and Greenpoint sides. Most of the seaside areas are re-broadcasted to accommodate high-density residential buildings with allowance (but no special funding) for the public waterfront gardens, with strict building guidelines that require developers to create a two-mile continuous string of waterfront esplanades. Selected local officials are called rezoning as an economically advantageous way to tackle manufacturing decline along the edge of North Brooklyn, which has resulted in a number of vacant and abandoned warehouses in Williamsburg.

The rearrangement represents a dramatic scale change in the ongoing gentrification process in the area since the early 1990s. The seaside settlements, once characterized by active manufacturing and other light industries interspersed with smaller residential buildings, are again categorized primarily for residential use. Along with the construction of new residential buildings, many warehouses are converted into apartment buildings. Among the first is the Smith-Gray Building, a medieval structure recognized by its blue cast iron facade. The repentance of the old Gretsch musical instrument factory garnered significant attention and controversy in the New York press largely because it heralded the arrival in the Tribeca style loft in Williamsburg and attracts, as residents and investors, a number of celebrities.

Officials fighting for the rezonization cited its economic benefits, the new seaside promenade, and its inclusive housing component - which offers developers big tax cuts in exchange for a pledge to rent about a third of new housing units at "affordable" rates. Critics argue that the same set-aside for affordable housing has not been met in large-scale developments before, such as Battery Park City. The New York Times reported this proved to be the case in Williamsburg as well, since most developers decided to cancel incentives to build affordable housing in the countryside.

Famous buildings

The Kings County Savings Institution was rented on April 10, 1860. The company did business in a building called Washington Hall until it was purchased at the corner of Bedford Avenue and Broadway. There, a permanent home was established, now known as the Kings County Savings Bank building. It has been on the National Register of Historic Places since 1980 and is the seventh building that became a landmark in New York City in 1966. "The Kings County Savings Bank is an outstanding example of the architecture of the Second French Empire, featuring a wealth of ornaments and diverse architectural elements An impressive business building grand, Kings County Savings Bank "is a striking display period that is not considered vulgar, at least by the people in power, to boast openly of one's wealth. Of scale and character there is generally nothing, outside, that will distinguish Kings County Savings Bank from a millionaire's home.

The Williamsburg House was designated a landmark by the Land Preservation Commission on June 24, 2003. The 23.3 acre (94,000 m ² ) site is Brooklyn's first large-scale housing estate.

The modern architectural building was designed by William Lescaze, whose PSFS Building in Philadelphia is the first successful International Style building in the US. The project, first proposed in 1934, is a collaboration between the newly established New York City Public Works and Housing Administration. Authority. Over 25,000 New Yorkers applied for 1622 apartments and most of the units were occupied in 1938. The twenty four-story building tilted 15 degrees into the road network for optimal sunlight. The structure has brown brick and exposed concrete accented by blue and stainless steel tiles. The buildings were restored in the 1990s by the Housing Authority, in consultation with the Landmark Conservation Commission.

In 2007, three Domino Sugar building buildings were also designated as New York City Landmarks. The original refinery was built in 1856, and in 1870, it processed more than half the sugar used in the United States. The fire in 1882 caused the factory to be rebuilt in brick and stone, and the buildings remained, albeit with changes made over the years. The refinery stopped operating in 2004. In 2010, the developer's plan to change the site to the use of housing has received support in the New York City Council. The new plan has been approved for Domino Sugar Factory, led by Two Tree Management. The plan replaces the city's approved 2010 plan with a new proposal that adds 60% more publicly accessible space on the new road network; provide creative office space, markets and affordable housing 24/7, neighborhood retail, and community facilities; and is an innovative form of open architecture that links the existing environment to a new edge of 0.25 m (400 m).

Maps Williamsburg, Brooklyn

Culture, environment and lifestyle

The subdivisions in Williamsburg vary greatly. "South Williamsburg" refers to the area currently occupied mainly by the Yiddish Hasidim (especially Satmar Hasidim) and the considerable Puerto Rican population. The north of this area (with the Street Division or Broadway serving as the dividing line) is an area known as "Los Sures", occupied by Puerto Rico and Dominicans. To the north it is the "North side," traditional Polish and Italian. East Williamsburg is home to many industrial rooms and forms an area of ​​the United States, African Americans, and Hispanics that are predominantly between Williamsburg and Bushwick. South Williams, South Side, North Side, Greenpoint and East Williamsburg all form the Brooklyn Community Council 1. Its proximity to Manhattan has made it popular with newly arrived residents who are often referred to as "hipster". Bedford Avenue and its subway stations, as the first stop in the neighborhood on the BMT Canarsie Line (on the train L ), have become synonymous with this new wave of inhabitants.

Ethnic community

Hasidic Jewish Community

Williamsburg is populated by tens of thousands of Hasid Jews from various groups, and contains the headquarters of one faction of the Satmar Hasidic group. The population of Satmar Williamsburg is about 73,000.

Hasidic Jews first moved into the neighborhood in the years before World War II, along with many other religious and non-religious Jews who attempted to escape from the difficult conditions of life on the Manhattan Lower East Side. Beginning in the late 1940s and early 1950s, the region received large numbers of survivors of the Holocaust, many of whom were Hasid Jews from rural Hungary and Romania. These men were led by some Hasid leaders, among them the rebels Satmar, Klausenberg, Vien, Pupa, Tzehlem, and Skver. In addition, Williamsburg has a large number of religious Jews, but non-Hasid. Rebbe of Satmar, Rabbi Joel Teitelbaum, ultimately gave the most powerful influence over the community, causing many non-Satmar, especially non-Hasidim, to leave. Teitelbaum is known for his ferocious anti-Zionism and for his charismatic leadership style.

In the late 1990s, Jewish developers renovated old warehouses and factories, turning them into housing. More than 500 apartments were approved within a period of three years after 1997; shortly thereafter, an area near the Williamsburg border with Bedford-Stuyvesant was broadcast again for affordable housing. In 1997, there were about 7,000 Hasids in Williamsburg, nearly a third of them taking public assistance. Hasidic Williamsburg Community has one of the highest birth rates in the country, with an average of eight children per family. Every year, people celebrate between 800 and 900 marriages for young couples, who are usually married between the ages of 18 and 21 years. Because Hasidic men receive little secular education, and women tend to be housewives, college degrees are rare, and economic opportunities lag behind much of the rest of the population. Responding to a nearly 60% poverty rate in Jewish Williamsburg, the Metropolitan Council on Jewish Poverty, the beneficiary agency of the New York Federation, partnered with Masbia in the opening of the 50-seat kosher soup kitchen at Lee Avenue in November 2009.

There are many households with part 8 housing vouchers; in 2000, there were 1,394 voucher recipients in nine Williamsud Yiddish census lines, but by 2014, Williamsburg had 3,296 recipients of vouchers in 12 Yiddish census lines. In 2014, it was reported that the Williamsburg Jewish community has among the highest application rates for the 8th part of the housing voucher. However, New York Daily News newspaper doubts the legality of the application. In 2016, The Daily News said that the New York City census tract with 30% or more of the population enrolled for Section 8 is only present in Williamsburg and parts spreading in the Bronx, except that real estate Williamsburg is among the fastest gentrifying in town.

With the gentrification of Northern Williamsburg, Hasidim has struggled to preserve their environmental character and has marked the entry of what they call artisten as the plague and the "bitter decision of Heaven." Tensions have risen over the cost of housing, harsh and loud nightlife events, and the introduction of bike paths along Bedford Avenue.

Italian-American Community and Our Lady of Mount Carmel

An important component of the Italian community on the North Side is the immigrant from the town of Nola near Naples. Nola residents each summer celebrate "Festa dei Gigli" (lilies party) in honor of St. Paulinus of Nola, who was the bishop of Nola in the fifth century, and immigrants brought this tradition with them. For two weeks each summer, the streets around Our Lady of Mount Carmel church, located in Havemeyer and North 8th Streets, are dedicated to the celebration of Italian culture.

What's interesting about this party is "Giglio Sundays" when a 100-foot (30 m) tall statue, complete with bands and singers, is brought around the road in honor of St. Paulinus and Our Lady of Mount Carmel. Clips from this stunning landscape are often featured on NYC news broadcasts. A large number of Italian-Americans still live in the area, although the numbers have declined over the years. Despite the fact that more and more Italian-Americans have moved on, many return every summer for the party. Giglio is the subject of a documentary film, Heaven Touches Brooklyn in July , narrated by actors John Turturro and Michael Badalucco.

The Puerto Rican and Dominican Communities

In the south of Williamburg, also known in Spanish as "Los Sures", which is the southern region of Grand Street, there are a large number of residents of Puerto Rico and Dominica. The people of Puerto Rico have been coming to the area since the 1940s and 1950s, and the Dominicans came in the 70s and 80s. Many Puerto Rican people flocked to the area after World War II due to its proximity to work at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. The neighborhood continues to have 27% of Hispanic or Latino populations, and Graham Avenue between Grand Street and Broadway is known as "Avenue of Puerto Rico". Havemeyer Street is lined with bodegas and barbershopes owned by Hispanics. However, although Southside has the highest Hispanic concentration in the neighborhood, this population is scattered throughout Williamsburg even in the north as the Williamsburg-Greenpoint border.

The culture of the Latin people in the neighborhood has been described as resilient. The Caribbean Social Club, the remaining Puerto Rican social club in Williamsburg, maintains an environmental culture; in 2013, the club became the subject of a documentary film called "ToÃÆ'Â ± ita", named after its owner. The Hispanic sector as a whole is represented in another documentary film called Living Los Sures, which is broadcast on MoMA PS1 and in the Metrograph theater; the film documents the lives of Latin residents who lived in Southside 1984 before gentrification.

Other such institutions are the "El Puente" Community Center, as well as the record store "San German" on Graham Avenue. Graham Avenue was renamed Avenue of Puerto Rico as a symbol of pride, just as the alternative name, Via Vespucci, is meant to commemorate the historic Italian-American community. Banco Popular de Puerto Rico has a branch on Graham Avenue. In addition, Southside United HDFC is a charitable organization that helps residents with housing and other services, including mobilizing housing and population activists and providing affordable housing. In addition, in the past Southside United HDFC has hosted Puerto Rican Heritage as well as Dominican Independence Day celebrations, and currently operates El Museo De Los Sures. The name El Museo De Los Sures is roughly translated into "The Museum of the Southside". Williamsburg is also not home to one, but two campuses of Boricua College, the Northside campus on North 6th Street between Bedford Avenue and Driggs Avenue, as well as the East Williamburg/Bushwick campus on Graham Avenue. A popular spot among the Dominican-Americans is the Fula Walls, where Merengue and Raggaeton artists from the Dominican Republic often visit.

Lastly, once a year the Williamsburg/Bushwick community is home to its own Puerto Rican Day parade. This environment has produced many prominent Latin languages. Television chef Daisy Martinez, specializing in Puerto Rican cuisine grown in the neighborhood. This neighborhood is also home to the office of Congress Representative Nydia Velazquez, who represents the environment as well as other parts of Brooklyn and Manhattan at the congress. In addition, Williamsburg is the childhood home of Rosie City Council MÃÆ'Â ndez, a descendant of Puerto Rico, representing District 2 across the East River in Manhattan. In 2013, Williamsburg itself was represented in the City Council by Dominican America Antonio Reynoso.

Ethnic and intercultural tension

Around 2 am on November 7, 1854, there was a riot between the sheriff and "some Irish" in the First District poll at the 2nd and 6th North corner in Williamsburg. It started after a deputy approached a resident and a fight began. Soon eight or ten deputies began freely using clubs in a group of "about a hundred Irishmen," which resulted in a half hour general battle and many injuries.

Prior to gentrification, Williamsburg often saw tension between the Hasidic population and black and Hispanic groups. In response to decades of increasing crime in the area, Hasidim created a voluntary patrol organization called "Shomrim" ("guard" in Hebrew) to arrest citizens and oversee crime. For years, Shomrim has been accused of racism and brutality against blacks and Hispanics. In 2009, Yakov Horowitz, a member of Shomrim, was charged with the attack for attacking a Latino teenager in the nose with his Walkie Talkie. By 2014, five members of the Hasidic community, at least two of whom are members of Shomrim, were arrested in connection with a "gang attack" in December from a black gay man.

The medieval tensions between the Hasid and Modern Orthodox Jewish communities in Williamsburg are depicted in Chaim Potok's The Chosen (1967), The Promise and My Name Are Asher Lev. One contemporary woman's perspective on life in the Satmar community in Williamsburg is offered by the autobiography Deborah Feldman Unorthodox: The Refutation of My Hasmed Root Scandal.

Community art

Visual art

The first artists moved to Williamsburg in the 1970s, drawn by low rent, large floor area, and convenient transportation. This continued into the 1980s and increased significantly in the 1990s as previous destinations such as SoHo and East Village became gentrified. The small community at first, but in 1996 Williamsburg had accumulated a population of about 3,000 artists. Art galleries in this area include the Front Room Gallery. Williamsburg and Greenpoint are served by the monthly gallery list magazine, wagmag .

In September 2000, 11211 Magazine , created by writer Breuk Iversen, launched four glossy colors to circulate 10,000 copies in Brooklyn and Manhattan, intending to promote the area from a design firm in Manhattan. A year later, the company moved to Williamsburg. The content is heavily focused on historic and important properties, art and culture and real estate development of ZIP code 11211. Bi-monthly is funded by advertising from local businesses and founded by writer and designer, Breuk Iversen. Other publications associated with 11211 Magazine : Fortnight , Box Map (2002), Appetite , and 10003 Magazine for East Village in New York City. The magazine has published 36 issues (548,000 copies) of 11211 over a period of six years, and ceased to circulate in 2006.

Music community

Williamsburg has become an important home for live music and incubators for new bands. Beginning in the late 1980s, and until the late 1990s, unlicensed shows, theaters and music venues were operating in abandoned industrial buildings and other spaces on the streets. The new culture has grown in the area around the Bedford Avenue subway station. The Bog, Keep Refrigerated, The Lizard's Tail, Quiet Life, Rubulad, Flux Factory, Mighty Robot, free103point9 and others attract a mix of urban artists, musicians and underground to music, dance, and late night shows, which are occasionally distracted and temporary places were closed by firefighters. These events are finally reduced in number when the rental rates rise in the area and the rules are enacted.

There are a number of smaller and shorter spaces, including Todd P., Dot Dash, Twisted Ones, and Rubulad. Many legitimate commercial music venues are open in the neighborhood including Pete's Sweets, Union Pool, Music Hall of Williamsburg (formerly Northsix), General Assembly (formerly Galapagos, now closed), Cameo Gallery, Muchmore, and Grand Victory. Several Manhattan-based venues also open locations, including Bowery Presents (who bought Northsix and turned it into Music Hall of Williamsburg), Luna Lounge, Knitting Factory, and Cake Shop. In the summer of 2006, 2007 and 2008, the event included concerts, films and dance performances staged in a pool previously abandoned at McCarren Park in Greenpoint. Starting in 2009, this pool party is now held on the edge of Williamsburg.

This environment has also attracted funk, soul and worldbeat music scene pioneered by labels such as Daptone and Truth & amp; Soul Records - and fronted by actions like Antibalas Afrobeat Orchestra and Sharon Jones & amp; The Dap-Kings. Jazz and World Music have found a foothold, with full-time classical jazz in restaurants like Zebulon and Moto, and - on the more avant side and noise - in places like Lucky Cat, BPM, Monkeytown (closed in 2010), and Eating Records. The Latin Jazz community continues among Caribbean communities in Southside and East Williamsburg, centered around many social clubs in the neighborhood. In the early 2000s, the environment also became the center of electroclash. Friday and Saturday parties at Club Luxx (now Trash) introduce electronic musicians such as W.I.T., A.R.E. Weapons, Fischerspooner, and Scissor Sisters.

Theater and cinema

Williamsburg contains indie theater space such as Brick Theater and Charlie Pineapple Theater. The Williamsburg Independent Film Festival was founded in 2010. Williamsburg also contains the first multiplex theater known as Williamsburg Cinemas, which opens on December 19, 2012.

Gentrification effect

Low rent is the main reason the first artists began to settle in the area, but the situation has changed drastically since the mid-1990s. Average rentals in Williamsburg can range from about $ 1,400 for studio apartments up to $ 1,600-2,400 for one bedroom and $ 2,600-4,000 for two bedrooms. The price of land in Williamsburg has skyrocketed. The North Side, above Grand Street, which separates the North Side from the South Side, is somewhat more expensive due to its proximity to the New York City Subway (in particular, the train L and G BMT Canarsie Line and IND Crosstown Line, respectively).

Newer gentrification and the route of the M train (whose route was modified to go from the downtown BMT Nassau Street Line to the center of IND Sixth Avenue Line in 2010), however, have driven up the rents in south Grand Street as well. The higher rent has driven many bohemian and hipster out of price to find new creative communities further in areas such as Bushwick, Bedford-Stuyvesant, Fort Greene, Hill Clinton, Cobble Hill, and Red Hook.

On July 1, 2011, the United States Postal Service (USPS) resoked postal code 11211 due to "large population increase and in number of companies doing business in our area. "

The recent gentrification of Williamsburg is the subject of the documentary of Princeton Friedrich Su University 2013 2013 Gut Renovation.

Effects on borough court system

In June 2014, the New York Post reported that the change of northwest Brooklyn to a richer, better-educated population, particularly in Williamsburg, has led to a growing number of convictions for defendants in regional criminal cases, as well as for award deductions plaintiff in civil case. Brooklyn defense lawyer Julie Clark said the new jurors "far more trust the police". Another lawyer, Arthur Aidala said:

"Now, grand juries have more legal-and-order stuff there.... People who can afford to live in Brooklyn now have no experience of police officers throwing them in their cars and looking for them. Someone who just moved here from Wisconsin or Wyoming, they can not relate to it that does not sound credible to them. "

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Demographics

Based on data from the United States Census 2010, the Williamsburg population is 32,926, an increase of 657 (2.0%) from 32,269 counted in 2000. Covering an area of ​​266.08 hectares (107.68 ha), the environment has a population density of 123.7 soul per acre (79,200/sq., mi; 30,600/km ² ).

Racial makeup is 86.2% (28,366) White, 2.4% (793) African American, 0.1% (29) Native American, 0.1% (48) Asian, 0.0% (2) Pacific Islands, 0.2% (77) from other races, and 0.5% (152) of two or more races. Hispanic or Latin of any race is 10.5% (3,459) of the population.

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Transportation

Williamsburg is served by 3 subway lines: BMT Canarsie Line (train L ) in the north, BMT Jamaica Line ( J , M , and < span> Z carriage) in the south, and IND Crosstown ( G carriage) line to the east. The Williamsburg Bridge crosses the East River into the Lower East Side. Williamsburg is also served by the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway. Several bus routes, including B24, B32, B39, B44, B44 SBS, B46, B60, Q54 end at Williamsburg Bridge/Washington Plaza. Other bus lines run through the environment are B43, B48, B62, B67, Q59.

In June 2011, NY Waterway began serving dots along the East River. On May 1, 2017, the route became part of the NYC East River Ferry route, which runs between Pier 11/Wall Street in Manhattan Financial District and East 34th Street Ferry Landing in Murray Hill, Manhattan, with five intermediate stops in Brooklyn and Ratu. Two of the East River Ferry stops are in Williamsburg.

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Education

The New York City Department of Education operates non-public schools. It is covered by District 14. The district includes:

• Brooklyn Latin School
• PS 16 Leonard Dunkly
• PS 17 Henry D. Woodworth
• PS 132
• IS 318 Eugenio Maria De Hostos
• PS 250 George H. Lindsay (Williamsburg Magnet School For Communication and Multimedia Arts)
• PS 132 Conselyea School
• Grand Street Campus (formerly East District High School) containing:
  • College of Companies, Business & amp; Technology (EBT)
  • Secondary School Progress for a Professional Career
  • High School for Legal Studies
• The Education Complex of Harry Van Arsdale has three small schools offering academics, and curricula and faculty for their special needs population.
  • Williamsburg High School for Architecture and Design
  • Williamsburg Preparatory School
  • Brooklyn Preparatory High School
• The Young Women Leadership School in Brooklyn aims to instill leadership qualities in girls.
• PS 84 Jose De Diego, Spanish-English program
• PS 110 School Monitor, offers French-English
• Juan Morel Campos Secondary School, with Yiddish-English

Other schools include:

• The El Puente Academy for Peace and Justice is in Williamsburg.
• School of Ethics Community Charter.
• The Williamsburg Academy of Success opens in August 2012. This is a public charter school.
• Williamsburg Collegiate Charter School, the best performing charter school in New York City, is located on the South side.
• Williamsburg Northside Schools are three Reggio Emilia-inspired schools that have three different programs in three locations: Baby and Toddler Centers, Williamsburg Northside Preschool, and Williamsburg Northside Lower School.

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Environmental issues

National Grid (formerly KeySpan) is currently recovering contamination at its former Gas Manufacturing Plant (MGP) located on Kent Avenue between North 11th and North 12th Streets in Williamsburg Brooklyn, Kings County, NY. Remediation is being undertaken under the Order on Consent with the Department of Environment of New York Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) entered between NYSDEC and KeySpan in February 2007.

El Puente , a local community development group, called Williamsburg "the most poisonous place to live in America" ​​in the documentary Toxic Brooklyn produced by Vice Magazine in 2009. Other rare cancers clusters in Willamsburg have been reported by the New York Post .

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Famous citizen

• Exactly Foster Eames Albee (1836-1914) Ã, - first "Avon Lady"; moved in 1866
• Red Auerbach (1917-2006) - former guard, NBA trainer, and General manager who was inducted into the Hall of Fame Basket.
• Joy Behar (born 1942) Ã, - comedian and co-host The View (born in Williamsburg)
• Mel Brooks (born 1926) Ã, - comedian (born in Williamsburg).
• Cathy Bissoon (born 1968) Ã, - US District Court judge for the Western District of Pennsylvania.
• Steve Burns (born 1973) Ã, - former Blue's Clues host, actor, musician.
• Alexa Chung (born 1983) Ã, - English model and television presenter
Peter Criss (born 1945) Ã, - of Kiss (childhood friend Jerry Nolan, also resident of Williamsburg) (born in Williamsburg).
• Raven Dennis (born 1967) - baker and red velvet cake popularizer
• Dane DeHaan (born 1986) Ã, - actor, In Treatment , The Amazing Spider-Man 2 .
• Alan Dershowitz (born 1938) - lawyer, lawyer, and political commentator.
• Peter Dinklage (born 1969) Ã, - actor
• Ed Droste (born 1978) Ã, - lead singer for indie rock band, Grizzly Bear.
• Sean Durkin (born 1981) Ã, - film director.
• Will Eisner - a comic artist for whom the Eisner Prize is named, born and raised in Williamsburg.
• Su Friedrich (born 1954) - filmmaker and professor of Princeton University
• Peaches Geldof - British model and socialite (deceased)
• The Gregory BrothersÃ, - the famous music group for the Internet series, "Auto Tune the News"
• Randy Harrison (born 1977) Ã, - TV ( Queer as Folk ) and theater actor
Eve Hewson (born 1991), the actress who appeared in the movie This Must Be the Place and acted as Nurse Lucy Elkins in the TV series Steven Soderbergh The Knick .}
• David Karp (born 1986) Ã, - the creator of Tumblr
• ZoÃÆ' Â «Kravitz (born 1988) Ã, - daughter of Lenny Kravitz
• Solly Krieger (1909-1964) Ã, - boxer
• James Lafferty (born 1985) Ã, - actor, director and producer known for his role as Nathan Scott on One Tree Hill
• Leonard Lopate (born 1940) Ã, - the host of public radio talk shows.
• Sid Luckman (1916-1998), NFL footballer Hall of Fame
• Barry Manilow (born 1943) Ã, - songwriter and player
• Bettina May (born 1979) Ã, - pin-up model and photographer
• Henry Miller (1891-1980) Ã, - novelist
• Keith MurrayÃ, - singer of the band We Are Scientists
• Lore Noto (1923-2002), Off-Broadway producer
• Man RayÃ, - artist
• Buddy Rich (1917-1987) Ã, - drummer
• Frankie Rose (born 1979) Ã, - musician
• Winona RyderÃ, - the actress
• Mikheil Saakashvili - former Georgian president, was exiled in the US.
• Semi Precious Weapons, including Justin TranterÃ, - glam rock band and their frontman
• Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel - the famous gangster who formed the Las Vegas strip (born in Williamsburg)
• Richard SheirerÃ, - director of the New York City Emergency Management Office (O.E.M.) during the September 11 attacks.
• Gene Simmons - member of the Kiss band
• Betty Smith (1896-1972), the author is best known for his 1943 novel A Tree Grows in Brooklyn.
Abby Stein (born 1991), transgender activist, author, and theorist who was born and raised in Williamsburg
• Jerry Stiller (born 1927), comedian and actor
• Stuart Subotnick (born 1942), a businessman and a great media personality, among the 500 richest people in America and on the World Billionaires list
• Joel Teitelbaum (1887-1979), founder and first Grand Rebbe of the Satmar Hasidic dynasty.
• Moses Teitelbaum (1914-2006), Hasidic rebbe and world leader Satmar Hasidim after succeeding his uncle in 1980.
• Alex Turner (born 1986) British musician and member of Arctic Monkeys
• Michael K. Williams (born 1966), a film and television actor, best known for his role in The Wire and Boardwalk Empire
• Anna Wood (born 1985), actress

src: loving-newyork.com

In popular culture

src: static.designboom.com

See also

• List of the Brooklyn neighborhood
• List of Historic Historic Places of Historic Places in Brooklyn
• Opportunities for Better Tomorrow

src: upload.wikimedia.org

References

src: c8.alamy.com

External links

• Williamsburg Health Research - NYC Environmental Health Profile Section

Source of the article : Wikipedia