Necklacing is the practice of summary execution and torture committed by forcing rubber tires, filled with gasoline, around the victim's chest and arms, and burning it. The victim can take up to 20 minutes to die, suffering severe burns in the process.
Video Necklacing
In South Africa
Necklacing is used by the black community to punish its members who are considered as collaborators with the apartheid government. These include black police, city council members and others, as well as their relatives and associates. This practice is often done on behalf of the African National Congress, although the ANC executive board condemns it. In 1986, Winnie Mandela, wife of imprisoned Nelson Mandela, stated, "With our matchboxes, and our necklaces, we will liberate this country", which is widely seen as an explicit support of necklacing, which at the time led to the ANC distancing himself from him, although he then took a number of official positions within the party.
The first victim of necklacing, according to the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, was a young woman, Maki Skosana, on July 20, 1985.
Moloko says his sister was burned to death with a tire around his neck while attending the funeral of one of the youths. His body had been burned by the fire and some broken glass had been inserted into his vagina, Moloko told the committee. Moloko added that a large stone had been thrown into his face after he was killed.
Photojournalist Kevin Carter was the first person to photograph the public execution by wrinkling in South Africa in the mid-1980s. He then talked about the picture:
I am surprised at what they do. I am surprised at what I do. But then people start talking about the photos... then I feel that maybe my actions are not at all bad. Being a witness to this horrible thing is not necessarily a bad thing to do.
He goes on to say:
After seeing so many necklacings on the news, I realized that many others are being done (from the camera as if) and this is just the tip of the iceberg, or that the camera's presence complements the last requirements, and acts as a catalyst in this terrible reaction. Strong messages are sent, meaningful only if brought by the media. It is no longer about warnings (others) than about causing one sick person. The question that haunts me is 'will those people be restrained, if there is no media coverage?'
Penulis Lynda Schuster menulis,
"Necklacing" represents the worst of the excesses done in the name of rebellion. This is a terrible form of mafia trial, reserved for those who are considered collaborators of government, informants and black police. The executioner will force the car tire over his head and around the suspect's arm, wet it with gasoline, and burn it. Without being mobilized, the victim burns to death.
Some commentators have noted that the practice of necklacing served to increase the level of violence during the municipal wars of the 1980s and early 1990s when members of the security forces became brutal and feared that they might fall victim to the practice.
Maps Necklacing
In other countries
The practice of the death penalty is found in Haiti. This was clearly used against the supporters of Jean-Claude Duvalier's dictatorship at the beginning of the democratic transition, from 1986 to 1990..
In the early 1960s, when the seeds of ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka (Civil War of Sri Lanka) associated with Eelam were being sown, Sinhala rioters used necklacing in anti-Tamil unrest.
In the early 1990s, students in Abidjan, Ivory Coast were harassed by thieves who stole from their dormitories. The students take action into their own hands by capturing the alleged thief, and then execute them by placing the tires around their necks and burning the tires. The Ivorian police, who were powerless to stop the shootings, could do nothing but stand and watch.
In 2006, at least one person was killed in Nigeria by surpassing a deadly Muslim protest over a satirical cartoon image of Muhammad.
This practice is widely used by drug dealers in Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Region), where it is called micro-ondas (references to microwave ovens). Journalist Tim Lopes is a famous victim.
Necklacing is also widely used in armed insurrection led by Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna in Sri Lanka. The graphical description of one of these necklaces appears in The Island of Blood's book The Island of Blood by journalist Anita Pratap.
In popular culture
- The Shield season two criminals Armadillo Quintero using "necklacing" as a means to kill his enemies. The inaugural season opens with criminals who kill opponent drug dealers in this way and episode plot, involving two detective characters who are trying to find a witness connecting Quintero to the murder.
- The Americans the third season featured a South African intelligence operation executed through necklacing, for trying to fly a false flag to discredit the college-based anti-apartheid group.
- Elementary season three (episode 10: "Seed Money") has "necklacing" as an important plot point. In the Kitty episode of trying to find a runaway teenager, Sherlock and Joan work on a case in which the murder of a brilliant biotecher appears to be in the hands of a drug cartel.
- In Max Payne 3 , Marcelo Branco was killed in this manner by Cracha Preto; The purpose of the scene is to show how cruel the criminals are and implicate Comando Sombra in crime.
- At the Elite Squad, student volunteers and NGO Pedro Rodrigues were tied up under orders from the main antagonist Baiano in retaliation for bringing police attention to the slums, even if unintentionally.
- In chapter 64 of I Am a Hero , a burning body is displayed on the side of the road. One of the characters, Araki, says it may have been executed with necklacing.
- A man is seen stuck in the 2003 war drama Tears of the Sun when the SEAL team entered a Nigerian village that was slaughtered by rebel forces.
- In the opening scene of the movie "Bopha!", a South African black police officer was executed by a bunch of black anti-apartheid militant lynch who accused him of being a traitor.
References
External links
- An exploratory study of insider accounts about necklacing in three Port Elizabeth townships by Ntuthu Nomoyi and Willem Schurink, "Violence in South Africa: Perspectives", editor Elirea Bornman, Renà © © Eeden, Marie Wentzel, HSRC, Chapter 6, pp147-173, ISBNÃ, 0796918589.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments