Ammonium bituminosulfonate or ammonium bituminosulphonate (synonym of ichthammol , brand name CAS # 8029-68-3: Ichthyol ) is a product of natural origin obtained in the first step by distillation of dried shale rich in sulfur oil (bituminous schists). By sulfonation of the resulting oil (or pure fraction thereof) and subsequent neutralization with ammonia, Ichthammol results as a viscous substance, dissolved in water with a distinctive asphalt odor. It is used in medicine (sometimes in combination with zinc oxide) as a treatment for various skin diseases, including eczema and psoriasis (see below). An ointment containing 10% or 20% Ichthammol is the most common. They are sometimes called "black ointment" or "drawing ointment". The dermatological action of Ichthammol was promoted by German physician Paul Gerson Unna.
Video Ammonium bituminosulfonate
Composition
From elemental analysis, the composition is calculated into C 28 H 36 S 5 O 6 (NH 4 ) 2 . However, as a product derived from nature, it is a mixture of many different compounds.
Chemically, it is a sulphonated flake oil that does not conform to the acid, alkali carbonate or hydrate and alkaloid salts. It is a thick reddish-brown liquid, has a bituminous smell and taste. It is soluble in water and can be mixed with glycerine, but is almost insoluble in strong alcohols or concentrated ether. It contains a large percentage of organic combined sulfur.
Maps Ammonium bituminosulfonate
Differentiation of Chinese Language Materials
Materials made in China (Pinyin transcription: yushizhi and yushizhi ruangao) and offered outside China as Ichthammol or Ammonium Bituminosulfonate do not conform to the definitions given for this substance in the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) or Pharmacopoeia of Europe (PhEr). Also, there is no conformity to the definitions connected to CAS # 8029-68-3. Chinese ingredients derived from vegetable oils (eg soybean oil), not the bituminous sekis needed (Chinese definition according to ChP 10: "Ichthammol is a mixture obtained with sulfuration of vegetable oils (soybean oil, tung oil, corn oil, etc.), sulfonation, and neutralization with ammonia "). As a result, the chemical base is completely different from one of the Ichthammol USP/Ph.Eur./CAS # 8029-68-3. The typical asphalt odor (derived from bituminous sources) is lost with Chinese ingredients and thus the original quality in accordance with common standards can be identified without any doubt.
Usage
Man
Bituminosulfonate is classified as a local therapeutic agent with excellent tolerability. Pharmacologically, Ichthammol has anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, and fungicidal properties. It is used to treat eczema, psoriasis, acne rosacea and acne, and it reduces microorganisms in the area around the skin condition. It is usually used in 10% or 20% concentrate ointment, topically applied.
In otology, a mixture of glycerol and iktamol (G & I) is used for the treatment of topical ear infections. This is effective against Gram-positive organisms. Anti-inflammatory action is explained by its effect on the formation, secretion, and effects of inflammatory mediators.
Ichthammol is available in pharmacies for compounding drugs. Different sources of information exist for exemplary formulations (creams, shake lotions, suppositories, etc.). According to the "Special Specials" list by the British Association of Dermatologists (BAD), Ichthammol can be used in dermatologic prescriptions to treat acute atopic eczema that is inflamed, among others. The appropriate recommendations apply to bituminosulfonate in Germany. According to the "atopic eczema guidelines" bituminosulfonate may be considered for the treatment of atopic eczema based on general clinical experience.
Veterinary
The European Medicines Agency publishes a summary report on ichthyol substances (synonyms: bituminosulfonates) during the procedure of the European Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) procedure in veterinary medicine. The Drug Product Committee for Animal Use (CVMP) ruled that due to good tolerance and safety, there is no need to make MRL for ichthyol substances. As a result, ichthyol-substances can be applied topically in all mammal-producing species without restriction.
See also
- Coal
- Pine tar
References
External sources
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Cholcha W, Leuschner J, Leuschner F (July 1994). "[Adverse effect of dark sulfonated oil fragments after local and systemic administration]". Arzneimittelforschung (in German). 44 (7): 844-9. PMID 7945520. - Diezel W, Schewe T, Rohde E, Rosenbach T, Czarnetzki BM (December 1992). "[Ammonium bituminosulfonate (Ichthyol) anti-inflammatory effects and inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase enzyme]". Hautarzt (in German). 43 (12): 772-4. PMIDÃ, 1361926.
- Nilssen E, Wormald PJ, Oliver S (April 1996). "Glycerol and Ichthammol: a drug solution or a mythic herb?". J. Laring. Otol . 110 (4): 319-21. doi: 10.1017/s0022215100133547. PMID 8733451.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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