Acid erosion , also known as dental erosion , is the type of tooth used. This is defined as the loss of tooth structure which is irreversible due to chemical dissolution by acid rather than bacteria. Erosion of teeth is the most common chronic disease in children aged 5-17 years, although more recently it has been recognized as a dental health problem. Generally there is widespread ignorance about the damaging effects of acid erosion; this is especially true with erosion due to fruit juice, as they tend to look healthy. Acid erosion begins initially in the enamel, causing it to become thin, and may develop into dentine, giving the dull yellow dental appearance and causing dentin hypersensitivity.
The most common causes of erosion are acid foods and drinks. In general, food and beverages with pH below 5.0-5.7 have been known to trigger the effects of dental erosion. Many clinical and laboratory reports link erosion with excessive drink consumption. Those considered to be at risk are soft drinks, alcoholic beverages and fruit, fruit juices such as orange juice (which contains citric acid) and carbonated beverages such as cola (where carbonic acid is not the cause of erosion, but citrate and phosphoric acid). In addition, grapes have been shown to erode teeth, with a wine pH as low as 3.0-3.8. Other sources of erosive acid may come from exposure to chlorinated pool water, and gastric acid regurgitation.
Video Acid erosion
Cause
Sources of extrinsic acid
Extrinsic acid erosion is when the source of the acid comes from outside the body. Acid foods and drinks decrease the pH of the mouth that causes tooth demineralization. Various drinks contribute to dental erosion because of their low pH levels. Examples include fruit juice, such as apple and orange juice, sports drinks, wine and beer. Carbonated drinks, such as cola and lemonades are also highly acidic and therefore have significant erosive potential. Foods such as fresh fruits, tomato sauce and pickled foods in vinegar have been implicated in causing acid erosion. The frequency of total acid juice intake is seen as the largest factor in dental erosion; babies who use bottles of milk containing fruit juice (especially when used as an entertainer) are therefore at greater risk of acid erosion.
Saliva acts as a buffer, regulating the pH when the acidic beverage is digested. Drinks vary in their resistance to the effects of buffer saliva. Studies show that fruit juice is the most resistant to salivary buffer effect, followed by, in the order of: fruit-based carbonated beverages and scented mineral water, carbonated beverage without seeds, sparkling mineral water; Mineral water becomes the most resistant. Therefore, fruit juice in particular, may prolong the decrease in pH levels.
A number of drugs such as chewable vitamin C, aspirin and some iron preparations are acidic and can contribute to acid erosion. Certain drugs can cause hypo-salivation that is considered a risk factor for acid erosion.
Intrinsic acid source
Intrinsic tooth erosion, also known as perimolysis, is a process in which stomach acid from the stomach comes into contact with the teeth. It is often secondary to conditions such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and rumination syndrome. Tooth erosion can occur by non-extrinsic factors as well. There is evidence linking eating disorders with various oral health problems including tooth erosion, caries and xerostomia. Reduced salivary flow rate, common bulimic symptoms, individual predisposition to dental erosion due to increased susceptibility to the effects of acidic foods and beverages. Self-induced vomiting increases the risk of dental erosion by a factor of 5.5 compared with healthy controls. Lesions are most commonly found on the palatal surfaces of teeth, followed by occlusal and then buccal surfaces. The main cause of GERD is an increase in acid production by the stomach. It is not exclusive to adults, as GERD and other gastrointestinal disorders can cause tooth erosion in children.
Behavior
Acid erosion often occurs along with abrasion and friction. Abrasion is most often caused by brushing your teeth too hard. Acidic or acidic drinks that roil around the mouth before swallowing increase the risk of acid erosion that spreads. Sucking citrus fruits can also contribute to acid erosion.
Maps Acid erosion
Diagnosis
Diagnosis based on clinical findings
In-vivo studies are useful in assessing erosion directly from the patient's mouth. There are many signs of dental erosion, including changes in appearance and sensitivity.
Change color
One of the physical changes may be the color of the teeth. Tooth erosion can cause two primary dental changes - the first is the color change that usually occurs at the tip of the central incisor toothpick. This causes the tip of the nape of the teeth to be transparent. The second sign is the yellowish color of the eroded teeth. This is because the white email has been eroded to reveal a yellowish dentin underneath. Above clinical examination, the dentist can take intra-oral photos to monitor erosion levels and progress. Clinical photographs cause results that are comparable to visual examinations, but both can result in underestimation to what extent dental wear is.
Form changes
Tooth decay is also a sign of dental erosion. Teeth will start appearing with a wide rounded concave, and the gap between the teeth will become larger. There may be evidence of wear and tear on unexpected tooth surfaces touching each other. If dental erosion occurs in children, loss of enamel surface characteristics may occur. Amalgam restorations in the mouth may be clean and unstained. When the tooth substance around the restoration is eroding, patching also appears to come out of the tooth. Teeth can form holes on chewing surfaces when dental erosion occurs. This is especially true in the first, second, and third molars. To monitor changes in shape over time, dentists can create and maintain accurate serial research casts. Dentists can also use the dental index to guide the diagnosis and management of their condition. The new assessment system called Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) assesses the appearance or severity of the teeth with the level of hard tissue loss. It should be noted that the index is useful in monitoring the most severe clinical changes in dental wear. However, they lack the completeness because they can not measure the rate of development and can not monitor all the teeth that are affected by erosion. There is also a lack of universally accepted and standardized indexes.
One of the most severe signs of tooth erosion is cracking, where the teeth begin to crack and become rough. Other signs include pain when eating hot, cold, or sweet foods. The pain is caused by eroded emails, exposing sensitive dentine.
Diagnosis by optical properties
Based on optical changes induced in tissue eroded by lesions, by 2015 Koshoji et al. is also shown in a new method using speckle laser images (LSI) it is possible to obtain information about email microstructure and detect minimal changes, such as early non-carious lesions. To produce erosion, the sample is divided into four groups and soaked in 30 ml cola based beverages (pH about 2.5) at room temperature. The representative images of samples under white and laser illumination show that although there are visible stains on the left of each sample due to the dyeing of cola drinks, structural changes are difficult to assess with the naked eye.
To distinguish between sound and erosion networks, contrast analysis is performed on the speckled patterns in the drawing. Because of this analysis, in essence, the standard deviation ratio and the mean intensity, the LASCA lesion map is generally higher than in the voice network. This phenomenon is shown in the LASCA map showing the greater prevalence of dark blue on the right side, indicating the voice network, and lower prevalence on the left side, indicating eroded tissue. The LASCA map contrast ratio shows that laser speckle images are sensitive to even small changes in surface microstructure.
Erosion is very common in people of all ages. However, objective diagnostic procedures are still needed, so a laser speckle imaging study for tooth enamel can provide the first low cost, objective diagnostic method for this disease. Spectral laser imaging analysis in a spatial domain is a powerful diagnostic technique that provides information on tooth enamel surface microstructures after acid etching procedures using LASCA patterns and maps. In the erosion model, these patterns are associated with mineral loss from enamel. This method has proven to be sensitive to 10 minutes of acid etching in tooth enamel, which is a newly unlikely lesion that can not be detected in clinical practice even by trained dentists, but is also sensitive to erosion progression.
Prevention and management
Identifying the erosion etiology is significant; if the patient consumes an excessive amount of acidic food or drink, it is advisable to suggest education and counseling. If the patient has symptoms of GERD, then he should also be referred to a medical doctor. Prevention and management strategies include the following:
- Reduce the frequency of sour and sweet food and drink intake. This reduces sugar/acid exposure time and allows the erosion of tooth surfaces to return.
- Modify the pH of foods or beverages that contribute to the problem, or change the lifestyle to avoid food or drink.
- Drink through a straw to reduce contact between erosive fluid and teeth. Likewise, drinks should not be stored in the mouth or drunk for a long time.
- Avoids abrasive powers. Use a soft bristled toothbrush and brush gently. Avoid brushing immediately after eating acidic foods and drinks because the teeth will soften. Leave at least half an hour of time in between. Rinsing with water is better than brushing your teeth after eating acidic foods and drinks.
- Use a remineralization agent, such as sodium fluoride solution in the form of fluoride mouthwash, tablets, or sweets, immediately before brushing. The application of sodium fluoride may also help prevent further demineralization if erosion has occurred.
- Applying fluoride gel or varnish may increase email violence and increase resistance to softening.
- Drinking milk and other dairy products causes an increased buildup of minerals on tooth surfaces that allow it to return.
- Applying a dentin bonding agent to an open dentin area can prevent further damage
- Use a neutralizing agent, such as antacid tablets in suspension, as they have the potential to reduce enamel erosion after vomiting.
- Treating any underlying medical conditions or diseases that cause acid regurgitation.
See also
- Abrasion
- Abfraction
- Friction
- Bruxism
Further reading
- Adrian Lussi. Dental Erosion: From Diagnosis to Therapy. Karger Publishers, 2006. (ISBNÃ, 9783805580977)
References
External links
- Saliva and Tooth Dissolution
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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